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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Art and Architecture. The Parthenon. The Parthenon, the temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, was built beginning in 446 B.C. It took 15 years to complete. To build the Parthenon, workers transported 22,000 tons of marble over 9 miles from Mount Pentelicus.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Art and Architecture

  2. The Parthenon • The Parthenon, the temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, was built beginning in 446 B.C. It took 15 years to complete. • To build the Parthenon, workers transported 22,000 tons of marble over 9 miles from Mount Pentelicus. • Costing 5000 talents in the first year alone - a figure equivalent to some $3 billion in today's money. • Inside the Parthenon was a large statue of Athena made of wood and ivory. Her golden robes were removed whenever there was fear of the city being attacked. The statue cost more than the Parthenon itself.

  3. Athena • Phidias, 438 BCE • The Parthenos stood in the Parthenon cella (inner sanctum), facing the east door, screened at side and back with super-imposed colonnade of Doric columns. • She wore a small, bib-like aegis with Gorgoneion (an ivory head of Medusa) on her breast and a peplos with long overfall, tucked into the belt in a manner peculiar to the Goddess. • Pausanias describes de helmet, with a sphinx at the center and griffins in relief at either side. • She held the shield upright at her left side, with the snake coiled within it. • She held a Nike (Victory) about 4 cubits high just alighting on her hand, holding a wreath or fillet. The hand supporting the Nike was supported by a column. • Pliny says that the fight of the Lapiths and centaurs appears on (the edge of) the soles of her sandals. • On the base of the statue a relief showing the birth of Pandora.

  4. The Parthenon

  5. The Acropolis

  6. The Parthenon • The Parthenon can still be seen today in Greece. It survived intact for over 2000 years before an explosion caused the center of the temple to be blown out. • The battered structure and columns of the Parthenon. Venetian cannons fired on the Acropolis in 1687 exploding the gunpowder being stored there by the Turks.

  7. The Parthenon

  8. The Acropolis

  9. The Acropolis

  10. Elements of the Parthenon

  11. Pediments • The theme of the east pediment is Zeus' presentation of Athena to the Gods of Olympus. • The west pediment portrays Athena's strife with Poseidon for the land of Attica.

  12. Friezes • Friezes were carved marble decorations that appeared on all four sides of Greek temples. They commonly showed the figures of gods or heroes. • Contemporary scholars identify this figure as the God of wine and revelry, Dionysus. Dionysus' mother, Semele, was killed due to Hera's cunning, forcing Zeus to snatch Dionysus from her body and thrust him into his thigh from which he was later birthed.

  13. Columns Doric Ionic Corinthian

  14. Elgin Marbles • Many of the sculptures from the pediments, metopes, and friezes were brought to England by Lord Elgin beginning in 1804. • The sculptures decayed in damp conditions for years while Lord Elgin tried to sell them. • The Greek War for Independence finally ended the looting of the Parthenon in 1821. • In 1816, the marbles were sold to the British government and transferred to the British Museum. • The Greek government is still petitioning for the return of their cultural and national artifacts.

  15. Pericles • Pericles was a magnificent orator and leader in Athens. • Pericles was determined to make Athens the most beautiful city in the world. • He ordered the construction of new public buildings and temples filled with magnificent sculptures and paintings including the Parthenon. • “Future ages will wonder at us, as the present age wonders at us now.”

  16. Pottery • The amphora was the most famous design in Greek pottery. • It is a two-handled jar used to store wine, water, or olive oil. • They held about 10 gallons. Black Figure Red Figure

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