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Human Trafficking North Dakota

Human Trafficking North Dakota. Identifying and Understanding. Disclaimer. I am only responsible for what I say, not for what you understand. To the Media.

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Human Trafficking North Dakota

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  1. Human Trafficking North Dakota Identifying and Understanding

  2. Disclaimer • I am only responsible for what I say, not for what you understand

  3. To the Media • As the material I’ll be presenting is for background purposes only, should the media have any interest or questions related to this presentation, please contact our media representative, whose contact information will be provided at the conclusion of the presentation

  4. Trafficking?????

  5. MYTHS

  6. Myths Associated with Human Trafficking Myth #1: All Prostitutes Are Willing Participants US Department of Health & Human Services

  7. Myths Associated with Human Trafficking Myth #2: Human Trafficking Is Crime Prosecuted Only at Federal Level US Department of Health & Human Services

  8. Myths Associated with Human Trafficking Myth #3: All Participants Involved in Human Trafficking Are Criminals US Department of Health & Human Services

  9. Myths Associated with Human Trafficking Myth #4 Child sex trafficking isn't happening in the U.S. Washington State Office of the Attorney General

  10. Biggest Myth of All

  11. THE LAW FEDERAL

  12. North Dakota Law • A person is guilty human trafficking if he/she: • Buys a person • Sells a person • Promotes the sale of a person • Recruits a person to be sold • Assists in the sale of a person • Benefits in anyway off of the sale of a person • Provides a place/location for the sale of a person NDCC 12.1-40-01

  13. North Dakota Penalties • Class A Felony • Up to 20 years in prison/$10000 • Class AA Felony – if person being sold is under 18 • Up to life in prison/$10,000 • And of course……………….. • Restitution NDCC 12.1-40

  14. ADDITIONAL North Dakota Law • Promoting Prostitution (A Misdemeanor to C Felony) • Facilitating Prostitution (A Misdemeanor to a C Felony depending on age of victim and other circumstances) • Prostitution (Class B Misdemeanor) • Hiring an individual to engage in sexual activity (Class B Misdemeanor) NDCC 12.1-29-01. Prostitution

  15. Federal Law • Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 200o: • “severe forms of trafficking in persons” include: • Human is sold; • Using Force, Fraud or Coercion; • Or Victim under 18 • no requirement to prove force, fraud or coercion if victim is a minor • OR • Assisting in selling or recruiting to be sold, any human Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-386)

  16. Smuggling or Human Trafficking?

  17. Prostitution or Human Trafficking?? Prostitution is: the act or practice of engaging in promiscuous sexual relations especially for money (Merriam-Webster) the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment. the unworthy or corrupt use of one’s talents for the sake of personal or financial gain. (Oxford)

  18. Three Elements of Trafficking

  19. Human Trafficking: What Is It Really? • Human trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery • Victims of trafficking exploited for commercial sex or labor purposes • Traffickers use force, fraud or coercion to achieve exploitation After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms trade as the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. US Department of Health & Human Services

  20. THE BOTTOM LINE MONEY, SOCIETY & SLAVERY

  21. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ • $31.6 Billion • Estimated by the International LabourOrganisation (ILO) as global profits made from forced laborers • $33.9 Billion • ILO estimates of world profits from all forced commercial sexual exploitation • $5 Billion • Estimate of income generated in Las Vegas alone • 2.4% • Or $3.3 Billion USD – the amount of Indonesia’s GDP generated by trafficking • 14% • Or $27 Billion USD – the amount of Thailand’s GDP generated by trafficking www.endhumantraffickingnow.com, 2013; Farley, n.d.; Farley et al., 2003

  22. So How Does this Happen?

  23. Push Factors that Aid Trafficking • Poverty and desperation • Abusive family environment • Lack of economic opportunities • Displacement from natural disasters, civil & political unrest • Social perceptions and treatment of women & girls Department of Justice Canada; www.justice.gc.ca

  24. Social perceptions like???

  25. Pull Factors that Aid Trafficking • Need to provide for family & self • Hopes & dreams of a better life • Demand for commercial sex & cheap labor • Societal glamorization of “pimps & ho’s” Department of Justice Canada; www.justice.gc.ca

  26. How glamorous is it??

  27. Types of Trafficking/Exploitation • Labor • Sex Trafficking • Other

  28. VICTIM IDENTIFICATION

  29. Indicators • General • Living on or near work premises • Restricted/controlled communication & transportation • Frequently moved • Small living space/large number of occupants • Lack of private space, personal possessions or financial records • Limited knowledge about how to get around in a community FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Human Sex Trafficking, March 2011

  30. Indicators • Physical Indicators • Injuries from beatings or weapons • Signs of torture (e.g., cigarette burns) • Brands or scarring, indicating ownership • Signs of malnourishment FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Human Sex Trafficking, March 2011

  31. Indicators • Financial/Legal Indicators • Someone else has possession of an individual's legal/travel documents • Existing debt issues • One attorney claiming to represent multiple illegal aliens detained at different locations • Third party who insists on interpreting. Did the victim sign a contract? FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Human Sex Trafficking, March 2011

  32. Why not just self-report? Captivity/confinement Frequently guarded Use and threat of violence Fear Use of threats against loved ones Shame/Embarrassment Self blame Debt bondage Trauma bond Language/social barriers Unaware of rights Lack of trust Isolation False promises Hopelessness Facilitated addiction Psychological trauma Lack of awareness Doesn’t see self as “victim” Normalization Belief that no one cares Fear of deportation This life may be better

  33. How do we hear about victims? • Parents • Social services • Law enforcement • Information received during investigation • Rumor • Anonymous tips • Self-disclosure (rare)

  34. Human Trafficking in ND • What might HT look like in North Dakota?? • May see high rates of Native American victims • Overrepresented in Canadian prostitution studies • Overrepresented in US studies on homelessness • Prostitution arguably began with colonization • May see bothDomestic and International victims • May see sex and/or labor trafficking • May see participants from local communities Deer, 2009; Farley, Lynne & Cotton, 2005

  35. Who is involved in the sale of a human? • The Trafficker • Pimp • Family member – sibling, father, mother, male or female • Significant other • Anyone • “John” • Trick • Buyer • Perpetrator • Offender • “Bottoms” • Victims now working for and with the trafficker to recruit new victims and enforce rules

  36. Who is involved in the sale of a human?

  37. OR……………..

  38. And who might make such a purchase?

  39. Recruiting Methods • Newspaper, Radio, Internet Advertisements • Word of Mouth • Use of Paid Recruiters • Recruitment can be partially deceptive, fully deceptive, or by physical force. • Most recruiters come from the victim’s home country.

  40. Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST) Shared Hope International

  41. Average Age of Entry into Prostitution

  42. Understanding DMST Victims • View these girls as victims, NOT criminals! • They have most likely been • Sexually abused • Physically abused • Rape victims • Substance abuser • Do NOT identify as a “victim”

  43. Understanding DMST Victims • In addition: • Chronic runaways • Throw away kids • Child prostitute • Minimal parental involvement or protection • History of abuse • Adolescents in need of money • Drug/alcohol abuse issues

  44. Added concerns for rural/tribal DMST victims • Family ties or close proximity to the participants • Offenders • Bottoms • “friends”/enemies – girls in school who “know” • Fear of danger to family

  45. Identifying Child Victims of Human Trafficking Child Specific Indicators

  46. Psychological Indicators • Fear and anxiety • Depression & mood changes • Guilt and shame • Cultural shock (victims from another country) • PTSD • Trauma bond with trafficker • Signs of torture • Helplessness, shame & humiliation, shock, denial and disbelief, disorientation & confusion, and anxiety disorders US Department of Health and Human Services

  47. Additional indicators • Child is living at the workplace or with the employer • Child is living with multiple people in a cramped space • Child attends school sporadically, not at all, or has a significant gap of schooling in the US • Fear of government officials • Significant fear of law enforcement and immigration • May be related to the trafficker • May be conditioned to refer to trafficker with a familial title, i.e. uncle, cousin, but is not related at all US Department of Health and Human Services

  48. Physical Indicators • Hungry/malnourished • Poor dental hygiene • Sleeping and eating disorders • STD’s • HIV/AIDS, pelvic pain, rectal trauma, urinary difficulties from sex work • Medical problems • Chronic back, hearing, cardiovascular or respiratory problems from forced labor US Department of Health and Human Services

  49. Rural Victim Identification

  50. Additional identifiers we've seen in the Dakotas • Living Conditions • May live at home – juveniles may be w/parents or other family members • Mental health/change in behavior • Runaway for periods of time but returns • May exhibit sexualized behavior

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