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Italian Grammar: Past Tense Usage

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tassos
5 diapositives · 165 Views · Sep 30, 2014

Learn the difference between present perfect and simple past in Italian. Understand when to use "to be" or "to have" as auxiliary verbs. Explore transitive and intransitive verbs. Useful for Italian language learners.

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Italian Grammar: Past Tense Usage
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  1. Roberta Pennasilico, Naples High School Regular Past Tense Guardate le seguenti due frasi: 1. I went to the movies. 2. I have been to Paris. Qual e’ la differenza?

  2. Can you say: *“I have been to Paris last year.”? Can you say:“I went to the movies yesterday.” ? In English, you CANNOT use the 2-word past tense (present perfect) when you specify WHEN something happened. In Italian, you CAN. Actually, the 2-word past tense is the most used.

  3. The two words used for the past have a name: • Auxiliary/Ausiliare - Avere o essere (to have or to be) • 2. Past Participle/Participio passato English “ed” = Italian –ato, -uto, -ito. Examples: I havebought a new car = Hocompratounamacchinanuova. She haseaten a pizza. = Lei hamangiatouna pizza. We havewatched TV yesterday. = Abbiamoguardato la tvieri. Have you received my letter? = Hairicevuto la mialettera? They haveslept here. = Hannodormito qui.

  4. Now the question is: When do we use “to be” and when do we use “to have” as an auxiliary? You need to know the difference between a transitive and an intransitive verb  TRANSITIVE VERBS may be followed by a direct object. Homangiato+unamela. Hannoricevuto+unalettera. Haavuto+la febbre. Abbiamoincontrato+tuasorella. A pretty easy way to tell a transitive verb is to check whether it answers the questions WHO and/or WHAT? Ex. “sognare” + chi? Ho sognatoilmioamico! “guidare” + cosa? Haiguidato la miamacchina? Unless irregular, a verb is transitive if it answers these questions.

  5. INTRANSITIVE VERBS are NOT followed by a direct object. Sonoandato+amare. Siamoritornati+coniltreno. E’partito+per Roma. Sieteriusciti+afinireillavoro? Your auxiliary will be one of the forms of the verb “to be” if your main verb is intransitive or reflexive. Also, intransitive verbs have to match with the subject, so you might need to change the ending. Hoballato molto; Lei hacantato male; Noiabbiamoparlatoinglese. BUT Io sono entrata in un negozio; Tuseiandata a Roma? Noisiamo state a Roma; Lorosonorestati a casa.