1. University of Palestine ,College of Applied, Engineering & Urban Planning Department of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning Building construction “2” (EGGD2101) Wind and ventilation Eng. Nagham Ali Hasan 3rd lecture- 4th week 2nd semester-2008

2. Climate elements • Solar Radiation • Temperature • Wind • Humidity

3. Wind • What is the wind? • Wind direction “prevailing wind” • Wind velocity

4. The sea-breeze effect

5. Understanding air flow • Air will always flow from reign of high pressure to lower pressure high pressure to lower pressure

6. Wind effect • The occurrence and change of wind pressures on building surfaces depend on: • wind speed and wind direction relative to the building. • the location and surrounding environment of the building. • shape of the building

7. Air will tend to continue in its direction until altered by an adjacent air flow. • The same volume of air must pass through a smaller area so it causes an acceleration air flow

8. Wind effect

9. Wind effect Raising a tall building reduce the high pressure on the windward side by allowing airflow under the building. An opening on windward side only results in poor ventilation.

10. The stack effect • Stack effect is the result of air density decreasing as temperature increase. • Warm air rises through upper openings and replaced by cooler through low openings..

11. The stack effect

14. Window placement openings are on: • opposite walls • adjacent walls or in the same wall • Vertical position

15. 1- openings are on: opposite walls

16. 2- openings are on:adjacent walls or in the same wall Where windows are on adjacent walls or in the same wall we need awing walls to improve across ventilation

17. openings are on:Vertical position

18. openings are on:Vertical position • Overhang above the window • The size of interior partition

19. openings are on:Vertical position • Changing the location of the entry opening affects the airflow pattern in the building • Changing the location of the exit opening does not effect the air flow pattern in the building

20. Interior partitions The location and orientation of interior partitions can affect the velocity and direction. The partition placed parallel to the direction of airflow have leasteffect.

21. Window’s area and type

22. Integrating stack and cross ventilation

24. Vegetation and ventilation • Vegetation increasing, decreasing and directing airflow • Vegetation causes pressure differences which shifts the air path

25. Vegetation and ventilation

26. Vegetation and ventilation

27. Case studies

34. Reference: • Fuller Moore ,1993, Environmental Control Systems (heating, cooling, lighting).