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Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function. Group1 station 1. Period 6. Group 4 station 4. Group 2 station 2. Do Now 1. What are the three components of the cell theory? 2. Are plant and animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? 3. What organelles are found only in plants? Animals?

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Cell Structure and Function

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  1. Cell Structure and Function

  2. Group1 station 1 Period 6 Group 4 station 4 Group 2 station 2 Do Now 1. What are the three components of the cell theory? 2. Are plant and animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? 3. What organelles are found only in plants? Animals? On page 20 of your journal. Group 5 station 5 Group 3 station 3 TV/Smart board Baskin, Nearri Tovias, Stephanie Strickland, Taisia Fowlers, Jonah Rochay, Cody Jones, Jewel Campbell, Judeja Brown, Erica King, Amyha Hendricks, Justina Rodgers, Devin Abreu, Anabel Cruz, Alejandro Dennis, Tamesha Octelus, Tyreik Miranda, Cyasia Bates, Tyree Jeske, Kaeden Taylor, Charvey Wright, Courden Heflin, Tommie Valencia, Dylan Velasco, Malcolm Tutson, Inez McNeal, Kahil White, Devan 10 minutes

  3. Do Now Answers 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. (Schleiden & Schwann 1838-39) The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann 1838-39) All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. (Virchow 1858) • Eukaryotic • Cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole – plants Lysosome, centrioles - animals

  4. Period 7 Do Now 1. What are the three components of the cell theory? 2. Are plant and animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic? 3. What organelles are found only in plants? Animals? TV/Smart board Brown, Deshaun Felix, Kiyiem Burnett, Alexander Fragoso, Abdiel Cobb, Shirnyia Brown, Deonte' Higgs, CamRon Eddins, Chandler Fletcher, Chyna Salas, Jabneel Walker, Tatiana Priest, Devonte Cumare Gonzalez, Alejandra Richardson, Brandon Santiago Lopez, Israelita Lopez, Fernando Groves, Robert Santiago, Bianca Quarterman, Naquiria Hannan, Cortez Jones, Ciera Williams, Tyrique James, Juleon Harris, Dalvin 10 minutes Wiley, Trevon Saunders, Sybil Winston, Sherrod Hunt , Garrett

  5. C– level “0-2” H –raise your hand for any questions A – Plant and Animal Cells M – none; raise hand to get up P – Complete Comparison Worksheet S – 80% and above on EOC

  6. Classroom Rules Dress properly -no hats, guys-pants must be pulled up, girls- lets not expose ourselves. No eating or drinking after 1st period breakfast (complete by 7:25) Come to order when I have clapped my hands. Respect each other and the teacher Use proper language. No sign language No hitting/pushing/shoving

  7. objectives • Explain how the structure of each organelle is related to its function. • Differentiate between active and passive transport.

  8. Cells • Smallest living unit • Most are microscopic

  9. Characteristics of All Cells • A surrounding membrane • Cytoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid • Organelles – structures for cell function • Control center with DNA

  10. Cell Types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

  11. Prokaryotic Cells • First cell type on earth • Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea • Uni-Cellular organism

  12. Prokaryotic Cells • No membrane bound nucleus • Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration • Organelles not bound by membranes • Ribosomes synthesis rna & proteins

  13. Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus bound by membrane • Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells • Possess many organelles Protozoan

  14. Representative Animal Cell

  15. Organelles • Cellular machinery • Specialized structures in a living cell • Ribosomes are found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  16. Plasma Membrane • Contains cell contents • Allows movement of materials in and out of cell • Double layer of phospholipids & proteins

  17. Cytoplasm • Viscous fluid containing organelles • components of cytoplasm • Interconnected filaments & fibers • Fluid = cytosol • Organelles (not nucleus) • storage substances

  18. Cilia & Flagella • Provide motility • Cilia • Short • Used to move substances outside human cells • Flagella • Whip-like extensions • Found on sperm cells • Basal bodies like centrioles

  19. Nucleus • Control center of cell • Double membrane • Contains • Chromosomes • Nucleolus

  20. DNA & Chromosomes • Hereditary material • Chromosomes • DNA • Proteins • Form for cell division • Chromatin

  21. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Helps move substances within cells • Network of interconnected membranes • Two types • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

  22. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomes attached to surface • Manufacture protiens • Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER • May modify proteins from ribosomes

  23. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • No attached ribosomes • Has enzymes that help build molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids

  24. Golgi Apparatus • Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall • Packaging & shipping station of cell

  25. Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

  26. Golgi Apparatus Diagram

  27. Cells • Storage, waste and power!!! • The differences between eukaryotic animal and plant cells

  28. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Functions • Aid in cell renewal • Break down old cell parts • Digests invaders

  29. Vacuoles • Membrane bound storage sacs • More common in plants than animals • Contents • Water • Food • wastes

  30. Mitochondria • Have their own DNA • Bound by double membrane • Mitochondria supports the THEORY of Endosymbiosis • It holds that the organelles distinguishing eukaryote cells evolved through symbiosis of individual single-celled prokaryotes

  31. Mitochondria • Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration) • Glucose • Fatty acids • Release energy • ATP • Powerhouse of The cell

  32. Pop Quiz • Mitochondria releases energy to the cell. Its known as the powerhouse of the cell. Would there be more mitochondria in a red blood cell, muscle cell, or brain cell?

  33. Plant Cells • There are three important differences in plant cells that separate them from animal cells. • These 3 differences are usually referred to as the 3 C’s • Chloroplast, Central vacuole, and Cell walls; if a cell has all three of these organelles it is a plant cell

  34. Representative Plant Cell

  35. Cell Walls • Found in plants, fungi, & many protists • Surrounds plasma membrane

  36. Cell Wall Differences • Plants – mostly cellulose • Fungi – contain chitin

  37. (LARGE) Central Vacoule • Stores water and food • Takes up almost half of plant cell

  38. Chloroplasts • Derived form photosynthetic bacteria • Solar energy capturing organelle

  39. Photosynthesis • Takes place in the chloroplast • Makes cellular food – glucose

  40. Exit Ticket • 1. There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? • A. lysosome • B. mitochondrion • C. nucleus • D. ribosome

  41. EXIT TICKET 2. Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. • Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment • Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell • Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes? • A. endoplasmic reticulum • B. cell membrane • C. cell wall • D. nucleus

  42. Exit ticket 3. A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell? • A. A prokaryotic animal cell • B. A prokaryotic plant cell • C. A eukaryotic animal cell • D. A eukaryotic plant cell 4. A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms? A. Plants have cells but animals do not. B. They are both made of one or more cells. C. They both come from the same kind of cell. D. They both come from a non-living organism.

  43. Exit continued 5. Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? • A. All living things are made of cells. • B. All cells come from other preexisting cells. • C. Cells form through spontaneous generation. • D. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. 6. Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus? A. bacteria B. plants only C. animals only D. both plant and animal cells

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