1. Cell Structure and Function BUT FIRST…

2. LET ME TAKE A

3. Cells • Smallest living unit • Most are microscopic

4. Discovery of Cells • Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) • Observed sliver of cork • Saw “row of empty boxes” • Coined the term cell

5. Discovery of Cells • Anton van Leeuwenhoek (late1600s) • First to observe living cells in pond water (“animalcules”) • Father of Microbiology

6. Cell theory • (1839) Matthias Schleiden(plant cells) Theodor Schwann (animal cells) “ all living things are made of cells” • (50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow “all cells come from cells”

7. Principles of Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell • All cells arise from preexisting cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation)

8. Cell Size

9. Characteristics of All Cells • A surrounding membrane • Cytoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid • Organelles – structures for cell function • Control center with DNA

10. Cell Types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic

11. Prokaryotic Cells • First cell type on earth • Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

12. Prokaryotic Cells • No membrane bound nucleus • Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration • Organelles not bound by membranes

13. Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus bound by membrane • Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells • Possess many organelles Protozoan

14. Animal Cell

15. Plant Cell

16. Cell Organelles • Cellular machinery • Tiny “organs” of the cell that have a specific function (“little organ”) • Found only in Eukaryotic cells

17. Cell Membrane • Double layer of phospholipids & proteins • Controls what enters and exits the cell

19. Cell Walls • Found in plants, fungi, & many protists NOT in animal cells • Surrounds cell membrane

20. Cell Wall • Plants – cell wall is mostly cellulose which gives it structure and strength

21. Cytoplasm • Thick gel-like fluid where organelles are found

22. Cilia & Flagella • Provide motility/movement • Cilia • Short…used to move substances outside human cells • Flagella • Whip-like extensions--Found on sperm cells

23. Nucleus • Control center of cell • Double membrane • Contains • DNA—genetic material • Nucleolus

24. Nuclear Membrane • Separates nucleus from rest of cell • Double membrane • Has pores

25. DNA • Hereditary material • Chromosomes • DNA • Proteins

26. Nucleolus • Most cells have 2 or more • Directs synthesis of RNA • Forms ribosomes

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Helps move substances within cells • Network of interconnected membranes • Two types • Rough endoplasmic reticulum • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

28. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Ribosomes attached to surface • Manufacture proteins • Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER • May modify proteins from ribosomes

29. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • No attached ribosomes • Has enzymes that help build molecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids

30. Golgi Apparatus • Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall • Packaging & shipping station of cell

31. Golgi Apparatus Function 1. Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi

32. Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued) 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

34. Lysosomes • Contain digestive enzymes • Functions • Break down old cell parts • Digests invaders

35. Vacuoles • Membrane bound storage sacs • Larger in plants than animals

36. Mitochondria • Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration) • Glucose • Fatty acids • Release energy • ATP

37. Mitochondria • Have their own DNA • Bound by double membrane

38. Chloroplasts • Capture sunlight to help plant make food (photosynthesis)

39. Review of Eukaryotic Cells

40. Review of Eukaryotic Cells