1 / 19

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Cell Anatomy

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Cell Anatomy. Cells and Tissues. Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life Cells - the building blocks of all living things Tissues - groups of cells that are similar in structure and function. Anatomy of the Cell.

tavi
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 3 - Cells and Tissues Cell Anatomy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 -Cells and TissuesCell Anatomy

  2. Cells and Tissues Carry out all chemical activities needed to sustain life • Cells - the building blocks of all living things • Tissues - groups of cells that are similar in structure and function

  3. Anatomy of the Cell • Cells not all the same, but share general structures • 3 main regions • Nucleus • Cytoplasm • Plasma membrane

  4. The Nucleus • Control center • Contains (DNA) • 3 regions • Nuclear membrane • Nucleolus • Chromatin

  5. Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) • Barrier of nucleus • Made of double phospholipid membrane • Pores allow for exchange of material with rest of the cell

  6. Nucleolus • Nucleus contains 1 or more nucleoli • Make ribosomes • Ribosomes migrate to cytoplasm through nuclear pores

  7. DNA – Chromatin & Chromosome Forms • Composed of DNA and protein • Chromatin - throughout nucleus in thread form • Chromosomes -condensed DNA forms before cell divides

  8. Cytoplasm Material outside nucleus and inside plasma membrane 1. Cytosol • Fluid that suspends other elements 2. Organelles • Machinery of cell 3. Inclusions • Non-functioning units

  9. Cytoplasmic Organelles

  10. 1. Ribosomes • Made of protein and RNA (made in nucleolus) • Sites of protein synthesis • Found at two locations • Free in the cytoplasm and • Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

  11. 2. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances • Two types • Rough ER • Studded with ribosomes • Makes parts for membranes • Smooth ER • Makes & breaks cholesterol • Fat metabolism • Detoxifies drugs

  12. 3. Golgi apparatus • Modifies and packages proteins (3 types) • Secretory vesicles • Cell membrane components • Lysosomes

  13. 4. Lysosomes • Sacs of enzymes • digest nonusable materials 5. Peroxisomes • Sacs of oxidase enzymes • Detoxify harmful substances • Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) • Replicate by pinching in half • Remember bubbling liver?

  14. 6. Mitochondria • “Powerhouses” of the cell • Change shape continuously • Uses O2 to break down food • Provides ATP for energy

  15. 7. Cytoskeleton • Protein structures • throughout the cytoplasm • Internal framework Three different types • Microfilaments • Intermediate filaments • Microtubules

  16. 8. Centrioles • Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules • Make spindle fibers during cell division

  17. Plasma Membrane • Barrier for cell contents • Double phospholipid layer • Hydrophilic heads • Hydrophobic tails • Other materials in membrane • Proteins • Cholesterol • Glycoproteins

  18. Plasma Membrane Specializations • Microvilli • Finger-like projections • Increase surface area for absorption • Membrane junctions • Tight junctions - impermeable • Desmosomes - anchor • Gap junctions - communicate

  19. Cellular Projections • Not found in all cells • Used for movement • Cilia move materials across the cell surface • Flagellum propels the cell

More Related