1. FRBR Or… Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records a recommendation of the The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA)

2. FRBR • Creates an entity relationship model of cataloging, rather than the flat structure currently in use. • Four elements to the FRBR model: Work Expression Manifestation Item

3. FRBR Current Cataloging Model Bibliographic Record (MARC) Holdings Record Item Record

4. Bibliographic Record

5. Holdings Record

6. Item Record

7. FRBR the Work is a distinct intellectual or artistic creation Hamlet Gone With the Wind Eroica Symphony Aida

8. FRBR the Expression isthe intellectual or artistic realization of a work • the 1936 publication of Margaret Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind • The performance of the Eroica Symphony by the Vienna Philharmonic

9. FRBR the Manifestation is the physical embodiment of an expression of a work • The publication of Gone With the Wind (in the original language, English) by Macmillan • The 1988 recording of the Eroica Symphony, performed by the Vienna Philharmonic, produced by Nuova Era.

10. FRBR the Item is a single exemplar of a manifestation. • The physical book of Gone With the Wind, 1037 p., 22 cm. • The compact disc of the recording of the Eroica Symphony performed by the Vienna Philharmonic, stereo, 4 ¾ in.

11. FRBR

12. FRBR and Music What is a score in “FRBRlanguage?” • The physical score itself, the one you can hold in your hand is the ITEM • The publication of the score is a MANIFESTATION • The score in written form, such as the orchestral score, vocal score, miniature score is the EXPRESSION • The music that the composer composed, the score, the original thought is the WORK

13. FRBR and Music What is a recording in “FRBRlanguage?” • The physical item that the music is recorded on, whether a CD, LP, cassette, is the ITEM • The performance of the music, static in time by being recorded is the MANIFESTATION • The performance itself, the exact time and place the music was performed is the EXPRESSION • The music itself, that which is performed is the WORK

14. FRBR and Music Score example: Quartet no. 2 for piano, violin, viola and cello in A major : Op. 26 • ITEM: the physical score, paper, 83 p., 18 cm. • MANIFESTATION: The score published by Kalmus (vs the same score published by Boosey & Hawkes) • EXPRESSION: the miniature score • WORK: The 2nd quartet that Brahms composed

15. FRBR and Music Recording example: Piano quartet no. 2 in A major, op. 26 • ITEM: The compact disc, the physical material • MANIFESTATION: The compact disc, produced in 1988 (vs the LP issued of the same performance) • EXPRESSION: The performance by the Domus ensemble (vs the performance by another ensemble) • WORK: The 2nd quartet that Brahms composed

16. FRBR An example of a “FRBRish” OPAC RedLightGreen

17. The Future of Music Cataloging • Enhanced catalog information • Table of contents • Summary • Analytics • MARC vs Metadata • Reduction of staff that affects the extra effort of music cataloging • Catalog (OPAC) design out of the hands of catalogers? • Digital storage vs physical storage (Naxos) • Music Thesaurus (comparable to Art & Architecture Thesaurus) • Cataloging classes in library schools • FRBR