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Announcements

Announcements. HW: Review Notes (Chapter 9 Part III and Chapter 10 Part I) Quiz tomorrow Review Worksheet –Due before Adoration May work on at beginning, but will only have 15 min. to do so! . Chapter 10 . The High Middle Ages Scholastic Development and the Flowering of Culture .

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • HW: Review Notes (Chapter 9 Part III and Chapter 10 Part I) Quiz tomorrow • Review Worksheet –Due before Adoration • May work on at beginning, but will only have 15 min. to do so!

  2. Chapter 10 The High Middle Ages Scholastic Development and the Flowering of Culture

  3. Scholastic Development • Educational activities b/f 12th and 13th c. • Monasteries • Increase in demand led to formation of universities

  4. Scholasticism • Combined theological teachings with philosophical methods • Produced some of the most important works in W. History

  5. Two Goals of Scholasticism • To understand the highest truths of philosophy and theology • To understand man’s relationship to God and His Church

  6. Monastic Movement • Poverty • Restore “religious zeal” • Faith and love of God • Leads to greater knowledge and understanding of Christ (not academics)

  7. The Universities Part I

  8. Demand for Education Rose Results: • System needed reorganization • Guilds formed

  9. Universities • Formed in N. Europe • Corporation that protected the educational and administrative interests of its members • South: included protection of the quality of education

  10. Origin of the Universities (North) • University of Paris • Three cathedral schools unified (Palatine, Notre-Dame, Saint-Genevieve) • Growing population led to on-campus housing and more courses

  11. Origin of the Universities (South) • Lombard cities grew • Demand for legal instruction grew • University of Bologna • (Art of Composition) • Center of Law (Canon/Roman)

  12. University of Oxford • “Mysterious” beginnings • Samuel judge over Judea? • Saxon King Alfred the Great? • School did exist during Saxon era • Centered around monastic foundation of St. Frideswide

  13. Academic Coursework • Studium Generale • (theology, medicine, law) • Trivium • (Latin grammar, rhetoric) • Quadrivium • (math, astronomy, music)

  14. AcademicCoursework • Be fluent in Latin • “Bachelor of Arts” • Could instruct others • “Master of Arts” • Master of their field • “Doctor of Philosophy” • Debated professors on the subjects they were studying

  15. Founders • Civil rulers? • Popes? • Who had the authority to form a new University?

  16. Solution • The state and Church worked together to form the Universities

  17. Pope’s Role • Allowed clerics to leave their obligations to attend school • Lay/clerical students exempted from taxes, court, military service • Authorized masters to suspend lecture during time of outrage • Intervened to protect scholars from civil authority

  18. Pope’s Role • Endowment from the revenue of the monasteries • Intervened to secure payment of professors salary

  19. University Students • Unmarried men • 12-15yrs • International students • PhD • 30yrs old (Paris) • Celibacy • Married scholars lost positions

  20. Scholasticism Part II

  21. Scholasticism • Result of … • The Crusades • Introduction of Aristotle to the West

  22. Methods and Mystery Teaching technique • Classic text read • Contradictory statements listed • Underline agreement revealed between contradictions

  23. Anslem of Laon • “Father of Scholasticism” • First to study/organize beliefs of Christianity using reasoning • Collected authoritative statements from the Church Fathers - matched them to the Bible • Would debate with students over contradictions to find Truth

  24. Peter Lombard Two Requirements for Scholastic Method • Questioning is the key to perceiving the Truth • Differences in questioning can be resolved by determining the meaning of the terms used by different authors in varying ways

  25. St. Thomas Aquinas • Career foretold • “What is God”? • Dominican Friar • Family held him captive to destroy his vocation • Prayer, teacher, preacher, journeyman • Patron Saint of Scholars

  26. Summa Theologiae Explains : • The existence of God • The Divinity of Christ • Christian Morality

  27. Aquinas’s Proofs Proof 1: FIRST MOVER: Some things are in motion, anything moved is moved by another, and there can't be an infinite series of movers. So there must be a first mover (a mover that isn't itself moved by another). This is God.

  28. Aquinas’s Proofs Proof 2: FIRST CAUSE: Some things are caused, anything caused is caused by another, and there can't be an infinite series of causes. So there must be a first cause (a cause that isn't itself caused by another). This is God.

  29. Aquinas’s Proofs Proof 3: NECESSARY BEING: Every contingent being at some time fails to exist. So if everything were contingent, then at some time there would have been nothing -- and so there would be nothing now -- which is clearly false. So not everything is contingent. So there is a necessary being. This is God.

  30. Aquinas’s Proofs Proof 4: GREATEST BEING: Some things are greater than others. Whatever is great to any degree gets its greatness from that which is the greatest. So there is a greatest being, which is the source of all greatness. This is God.

  31. Aquinas’s Proofs Proof 5: INTELLIGENT DESIGNER: Many things in the world that lack intelligence act for an end. Whatever acts for an end must be directed by an intelligent being. So the world must have an intelligent designer. This is God.

  32. Why do Bad Things Happen to Good People? • Fundamental mystery that human reason cannot explain • Free Will: God desired the free love of humanity over forced obedience to His will • True evil is the result of placing oneself above God

  33. Why do Natural Disasters Occur? • Goodness only develops in response to suffering (Irenaeus) • Perfect World = truly good people would not exist • To make us realize that we are dependent upon God – something many of us forget/reject

  34. The Double Truth Theory • Averroes • Philosophy is superior to Theology • Philosophy draws its conclusions from demonstration • Theology draws its conclusions from opinion

  35. Aquinas’s Response • Philosophy is the servant of Theology • If a contradiction exists, Philosophy should submit itself to Theology • Faith and Reason

  36. Bl. John Scotus • Limits to reason and logic when understanding God • Reason can only take one so far

  37. The Mendicant Orders PartIII

  38. Mendicant Orders • “To beg” • Gave up everything to follow God • Lived a strict live of poverty • Franciscans • Dominicans

  39. St. Francis of Assisi • Born to a wealthy merchant • Romantic crusader • Spiritual crisis: “Go and build up my house again!” • Beaten by Father for punishment • Order approved by Pope Innocent III

  40. Rule of St. Francis • To live like Christ • Be gentle, courteous, humble • Cannot receive money • Should not feel ashamed • Avoid suspicious meetings or conversations with women

  41. St. Dominic • Born into wealthy Spanish family • Dreamt about a beggar… • Petition God for the salvation of man • Fought Albigensianism • Man of the Gospel • Seldom spoke unless with/about God • Great healer

  42. St. Dominic and the Rosary • "One day through the Rosary and the Scapular I will save the world” • Taught followers to picture life, death, and Resurrection of Christ • Used to convert heretics and lapsed Christians

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