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Evolution of the Periodic Table: From Lavoisier to Seaborg

Explore the rich history of the periodic table from Lavoisier's initial list of elements to Seaborg's groundbreaking discoveries. Learn about key figures like Dimitri Mendeleev and Glenn Seaborg, and understand the modern periodic trends. Discover the properties of metals, nonmetals, and semi-metals through this informative journey in chemistry.

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Evolution of the Periodic Table: From Lavoisier to Seaborg

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  1. THE PERIODIC TABLE

  2. HISTORY

  3. Late 18th century: Lavoisier's list of 28 elements • Early 19th century: John Dalton's list of approximately 60 elements • Döbereiner's "triads" of elements with related or similar properties; e.g., Ca, Sr and Ba • John Newlands "octaves" or groups of eight elements after which properties seemed to repeat Early History

  4. (Julius) LotharMeyer (1830 – 1895) German chemist who, independently of Dmitri Mendeleev, developed a periodic classification of the chemical elements. Though originally educated as a physician, he was chiefly interested in chemistry and physics.

  5. Began working on his periodic table of the elements in the late 1860s. • Arranged the known 63 elements by their atomic weights and organized them into groups possessing similar properties. • Where there were gaps, he correctly predicted the properties for the undiscovered elements (gallium, scandium and germanium). DIMITRIMENDELEEV (1834-1907)

  6. Henry Moseley (1887-1915) • Established the concept of atomic numbers. • Showed that the ordering of the wavelengths of the x-ray emissions of the elements coincided with the ordering of the elements by atomic number(1913). • Developed periodic table based on atomic number.

  7. PERIODIC LAW PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS ARE PERIODIC FUNCTIONS OF THEIR ATOMIC NUMBERS

  8. GLENN SEABORG (1912-1999) • starting with plutonium in 1940, he discovered all the transuranium elements from 94 to 102 • reconfigured the periodic table by placing the actinide series below the lanthanide series • in 1951, Seaborg was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work. Element 106 has been named seaborgium (Sg) in his honor.

  9. THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

  10. PERIODIC TRENDS

  11. Properties of Major Divisions Metals • lusterous, shiny • typically solids at room temperature (except Hg, Cs) • good conductors of heat and electricity • malleable and ductile • tend to lose electrons easily (form cations)

  12. Properties of Major Divisions Nonmetals • do not have a metallic luster • poor conductors of heat and electricity • may be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature (majority are gases) • non malleable, non ductile • tend to gain electrons easily (form anions)

  13. Properties of Major Divisions Semi-metals (metalloids) have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

  14. Atomic Radius

  15. Ionic Radius

  16. Ionic Radius

  17. Electronegativity

  18. Ionization Energy

  19. Electron Configuration

  20. Different Perspectives

  21. Elmsley, John, The Elements,3rd Ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford,1998.Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing World, LeMay, et al., Prentice Hall, 1996.http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/5/0,5716,53705+1+52397,00.htmlhttp://www.crosswinds.net/~smarsden/unit04/l6u4.htmhttp://www.thirteen.org/archive/hawking/cosmostar/html/cstars_mendel.htmlhttp://www.sweethaven.com/chemele/pertab01.html BIBLIOGRAPHY

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