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Food and Nutrition: Advancing the MDGs Media Sensitization Workshop Midrand, South Africa 6-7 November 2008

Food and Nutrition: Advancing the MDGs Media Sensitization Workshop Midrand, South Africa 6-7 November 2008. Boitshepo ‘Bibi’ Giyose Food and Nutrition Security Advisor AU/NEPAD. NEPAD Goals and Objectives. To eradicate poverty To encourage sustainable growth and development

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Food and Nutrition: Advancing the MDGs Media Sensitization Workshop Midrand, South Africa 6-7 November 2008

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  1. Food and Nutrition: Advancing the MDGs Media Sensitization Workshop Midrand, South Africa 6-7 November 2008 Boitshepo ‘Bibi’ Giyose Food and Nutrition Security Advisor AU/NEPAD

  2. NEPAD Goals and Objectives • To eradicate poverty • To encourage sustainable growth and development • To halt the marginalization of Africa, enhance participation in the global economy • To accelerate the empowerment of women

  3. International Commitments to End Hunger, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition • 1974: The World Food Conference • 1992: International Conference on Nutrition • 1996: The World Food Summit • 2000: The Millennium Development Goals • 2001: The African Union (AU) adopted the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) • 2004: Kampala IFPRI 2020 workshop • 2005: The Commission for Africa • 2005: The G-8 pledged to double assistance to Africa by 2010 • 2006: Abuja Food Security Summit • 2008: High Food Prices Workshop (AU-NEPAD) • 2008: FAO High Level Meeting on Rising Food Prices

  4. Status of Food & Nutrition Insecurity in Africa • 337 million Africans consume less than 2,100KCal per day • 200 million Africans are chronically malnourished • 5 million die of hunger annually • 126 million children are underweight • About 50% children are stunted • 25 million live with HIV/AIDS • Vitamin Mineral Deficiencies are unacceptably high • 12 deaths occur per minute due to hunger and malnutrition

  5. Malnutrition and Hidden Hunger in Africa • Acute Malnutrition: 2 – 25 % • Stunting (children < 5 years): 10 - > 50% • Anemia, Iron: < 5yrs 40%, pregnant women 80%, 40% general pop. • Vitamin A deficiency: 60% general pop • Iodine Deficiency: 5% * Hidden Hunger – victims not aware! * No obvious signs Source: MI, FAO, WFP, CRHCS, UNICEF

  6. African Context • Africa is extremely diverse – 53 countries • Cultures and traditions vary • Governance varies (challenge!) • Level of education, perceptions, expectations vary • Level of development and economies differ • Priority issues are not the same • More than 50% of population live on less than $1 a day • More than 80% rely on agriculture – mostly women

  7. The MDGs The Millennium Development Goals: commit the international community to an expanded vision of development, one that vigorously promotes human development as the key to sustaining social and economic progress in all countries, and recognizes the importance of creating a global partnership for development. The goals have been commonly accepted as a framework for measuring development progress.

  8. Millennium Development Goals • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development

  9. Goal 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Malnutrition is partially irreversible • Malnutrition is intergenerational • Malnutrition erodes human capital • Malnutrition reduces resilience to shocks • Malnutrition reduces productivity through impaired mental capacity • Malnutrition reduces productivity through impaired physical capacity • Improved nutrition reduces poverty by: • Boosting productivity throughout the lifecycle • Boosting productivity across generations

  10. Goal 2. Achieve universal primary education • Malnutrition reduces mental capacity • Malnourished children are less likely to enroll in school • Malnourished children are more likely to enroll in school later • Malnourished children are more likely to drop out of school • Current hunger and malnutrition reduce school performance • Iodine and iron deficiencies are the two major causes of preventable brain damage and learning ability losses in early childhood • Improved nutrition improves: • School readiness • Enrollment rates • Retention rates • School performance

  11. Goal 3. Promote gender equality, empower women • Women are more vulnerable to malnutrition than men • For biological reasons • For socio-cultural reasons • Women’s biological and social vulnerability compound each other • Women’s malnutrition results from gender inequality • Women’s malnutrition is intergenerational • Dealing with malnutrition empowers women: • Well nourished girls are more likely to stay in school • Well nourished girls are more likely to have more control over assets • Well nourished girls are more likely to have more control over choices

  12. Goal 4. Reduce child mortality • Malnutrition: major contributor to the burden of disease (main contributor in sub-Saharan Africa) • Malnutrition: the attributable cause of 54% child deaths (60% in sub-Saharan Africa) • Poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices are major risk factors for infant mortality (the major risk factor in sub-Saharan Africa) • Vitamin A and zinc deficiencies are major attributable causes of underfive mortality • Improved nutrition reduces mortality by: • Reducing the incidence of morbidity • Reducing the severity of morbidity • Reducing case-fatality

  13. Goal 5. Improve maternal health • Malnutrition: associated with most major risk factors for maternal mortality • Stunted girls grow to become stunted women • Stunting increases the risk of cephalopelvic disproportion which is major risk factor for obstructed labor and death • Anemia: major attributable cause of of maternal deaths (20% of maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa) • Improving vitamin A status may reduce maternal mortality by as much as 44% • Anti-female bias in the allocation of food compromises women’s health • Good nutritional status translates into: • Improved maternal health • Improved maternal survival • Improved infant care, nutrition, growth, survival and development • Breaks the vicious (inter-generational) cycle of malnutrition

  14. Goal 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases • Malnutrition, food insecurity, and hunger are among the major risk factors for HIV infection • Malnutrition hastens the onset of AIDS among HIV+ people • Malnutrition compromises the safety of ARV treatment • Malnutrition compromises the efficacy of ARV treatment • Malnutrition weakens the resistance to HIV-related opportunistic infections • Improved nutrition: • Slows HIV progression • Improves ARV safety and efficacy • Increases malaria survival rates

  15. Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development • Nutrition offers great opportunity for public sector-private sector partnership

  16. Abuja Food Security Summit Outcomes – Cont. • AUC and NEPAD in collaboration with development partners initiate the implementation of the ARNS, Pan African Nutrition Initiative, and the NEPAD 10 year Strategy for combating vitamin and mineral deficiencies by 2008 with a focus on long term household food security and ending child hunger and undernutrition.

  17. Sector Initiatives at AU & NEPAD • Agriculture – Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) 2003 • Health Strategy 2003 & Africa Regional Nutrition Strategy (ARNS) 2005 • Gender, Youth and Civil Society Strategy 2005 • Science and Technology Consolidated Plan of Action 2006 • Infrastructure – spatial development (linking markets and access) • Pan African Nutrition Initiative • Framework for African Food Security (2008) • Africa Ten Year Strategy for Vitamins and Minerals

  18. AU/NEPAD Flagship Areas and Programmes (CAADP Pillar 3) Home Grown School Feeding Programme (HGSFP) Fortification of foods with essential vitamins and minerals (including Bio-fortification) – 20+ countries National/Regional strategic food reserves Support with agriculture inputs – seed, fertilizer, irrigation, etc. Cassava, NERICA, Fisheries Initiative etc Promotion of production and consumption of nutrient dense foods Policy Review and Advocacy (across sectors) Capacity Development

  19. Abuja Food Security Summit -5 Key Outcomes • Expanding markets and promote inter-African trade in staples • Mobilizing resources for implementing priority food and nutrition security interventions (strategic commodities) • Ensuring systematic integration f nutrition considerations into agric and FS interventions • Identifying African successes and support sharing of experiences for adaptation, replication and up-scaling • Establishing a system for selecting and prioritizing key AUC and NEPAD CAADP summit commitments

  20. CAADP Pillar III The Framework for African Food Security (FAFS) sets out 4 objectives for achieving the pillar vision to “increase resilience at all levels by decreasing food insecurity and linking vulnerable people into opportunities for agricultural growth”. These 4 objectives are: • Improved risk management • Increased supply of affordable food through increased production and improved market linkages • Increased economic opportunities for the vulnerable • Increased quality of diets through diversification of food among the target groups.

  21. The Framework for African Food Security presents: • The current status of hunger and malnutrition in Africa; • Key causes of hunger and malnutrition; • Priority responses to address these issues; • How FAFS can be used, • Recommendations to increase food supply, eliminate hunger and malnutrition and improve emergency management at country, regional and continental levels • Suggestions for monitoring, evaluation and peer review processes. • Suggests a model for coordination of pillar III activities. • Suggestions for scaling up actions

  22. Who are some key partners towards attaining food and nutrition security? All government sectors MUST be a part of reducing hunger and malnutrition The UN family – FAO, UNICEF, WFP, IFAD, WHO, WB, etc… Bilateral and Multilateral Development partners – USAID, DFID, GTZ, Japan, Brazil, Scandinavia, EC/EU, AfDB etc… Private sector (agribusiness, food industry) Media – (Champions for food and nutrition)

  23. Some final thoughts • Commitments to end hunger have been made by world leaders and governments at various summits • The world so far has collectively failed to honour its commitment to eradicate hunger and food insecurity particularly in Africa • The world has the resources, the scientific knowledge and operational capacity to end hunger • What could the reason be for continued failure? • With Global Environmental Change food security of the poor is expected to even further worsen. • The rural and urban poor are going to at the centre of it.

  24. AU-NEPAD Role Facilitation Coordination Brokering

  25. Contact us: www.nepad.org www.africa-union.org

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