HOYT SECTOR MODEL

1. HOYT SECTOR MODEL A Land use model CH 13

2. What is Hoyt's Sector Model? Hoyt proposed the idea that towns grew as sectors or "wedges". • That means that if, for example, industry grew up in one part of a 19th century town, future industry would then develop in that sector. • As the town grew, so would the area of industry and therefore it would grow out in a wedge shape. • The zone descriptions that follow are not taken from what Hoyt said he expected to see, but an analysis of what can be interpreted from the urban structure seen today.

3. ZONE A - The Central Business District (CBD) • This is the area most accessible to the largest number of people, containing shops, offices, banks, etc. • Land is expensive and this area has high rents and multi-story buildings as a consequence. • There is very little space and competition for land is high. • Traffic congestion is high. • Vegetated areas are sparse.

4. B1 - Zone of Transition ("Twilight Zone")Wholesale Light Manufacturing • Old industries that have been positioned in this zone for many years (growing out with the wedge) can be found here. • Over the past 20 years or so, this industry has been non-profitable and has closed leading to high unemployment. • Redevelopment and renewal in this area and the growth of zone A to meet the needs of an expanding town, mean that Zone B is in a state of constant change.

5. B2 - Zone of Transition ("Twilight Zone")Low Class Residential Housing . Often known as "old inner city areas". • This group is made up of old 19th century buildings arranged in grid iron street patterns, with no gardens. • Often referred to as 'slums', these were the buildings that were knocked down in the 1960s to be replaced with the 'high-rise flats'. • These were then destroyed and replaced with low rise buildings in the 1980s. • Redevelopment and renewal in this area and the growth of zone A to meet the needs of an expanding town, mean that Zone B is in a state of constant change. • The poorest people in the settlement live here, but it is now fashionable for old warehouses to be refurbished in the center of some cities for sale at extremely high prices.

6. C - Council Estates > Semi-detached housing can be found here with gardens and on large estates. > Less expensive private estates can also be found here. > Often described as "medium class residential“ areas.

7. D - Commuter Zone (suburbs) • High class residential area where private, top quality housing can be found. • Detached and semi-detached housing can be built on cheaper land here. Often lots of garages. Big gardens and many outbuildings can be found here. • Called the 'commuter zone' as it is expected that the more affluent members of the community would live in the zone furthest away from the center as they could afford the transport costs to the center for access to services and employment.

8. E - Countryside Areas • In the countryside surrounding the urban area, those seeking to escape from the urban area can live in pleasant rural surroundings whilst still being close to work. • Many satellite villages and towns surround major urban areas, allowing people to live further away from the main settlement.