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Physical Properties

Physical Properties. Physical Properties. Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. Examples of Physical Properties. Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density.

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Physical Properties

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  1. Physical Properties

  2. Physical Properties • Characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.

  3. Examples of Physical Properties • Viscosity • Conductivity • Malleability • Hardness • Melting point • Boiling point • Density

  4. Viscosity • The resistance of an object to flow. • Usually… • Thick liquids are more viscous and thin liquids are less viscous. • Heating a liquid makes it less viscous. • Which is more viscous, vinegar or corn syrup?

  5. Conductivity • A material’s ability to allow heat/electricity to flow. • What types of materials have high conductivity? • What types of materials have low conductivity?

  6. Malleability • The capability of a substance to be shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers Highly malleable substances: copper, brass, silver, & bronze

  7. Hardness • The resistance of a metal to be scratched • For example, a kitchen knife can scratch a metal sheet of copper. • Stainless steel is harder than copper

  8. Melting Point • The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. • Remember, the melting point of ice is O°C

  9. Boiling Point • The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas. • Remember, the boiling point of water is 100°C • Is the boiling point of a substance other than water the exact same as water’s boiling point?

  10. Density • Every substance has a unique density, which can determine the purity of a substance. • The density of water is 1.00 g/ml • The density of Sulfur is 2.07 g/ml

  11. Formulas for Calculating Density • D = M/V • V = M/D • M = D*V • Remember, Density is measured in units of g/ml or g/cm3

  12. What can physical properties be used for? • Identify unknown materials • Separate substances in a mixture • Choose the best material suited to a specific purpose

  13. Two common separation methods • Filtration • A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. • Distillation • A process that separates materials based on their boiling points.

  14. Just Plain Fun • think about density

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