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Physical Properties

Physical Properties. Can be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured. Examples of Physical Properties. Malleability- ability to be shaped by hammering or pressing Solubility- ability to dissolve Conductivity- ability to conduct thermal or electrical energy

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Physical Properties

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  1. Physical Properties Can be observed using the 5 senses. Many can be measured.

  2. Examples of Physical Properties • Malleability- ability to be shaped by hammering or pressing • Solubility- ability to dissolve • Conductivity- ability to conduct thermal or electrical energy • Melting and Boiling Points- water- 0◦C/32◦F and 100◦C/212◦F • Volume- amount of space an object takes up- beaker- cm cubed/mL • Mass- amount of matter in an object- scale- grams • Density- an objects ability to float- Mass per unit Volume (g/mL) • Object floats- object is less dense than the liquid • Object sinks- object is more dense than the liquid

  3. Physical Change Change in shape, size, or state. The type of matter doesn’t change.

  4. Examples of Physical Change • Change in shape or size (crushing up rocks) • Change in state (wax melting or hardening) • Solutions- dissolving a solid in a liquid • Mixtures- where a new substance is not formed • Solids mixed with solids (adding salt to ice-lowers the melting point) • Liquids mixed with solids (sand and water) • Liquids mixed with liquids (oil and water)

  5. Chemical Properties Can only be seen when matter is changed into a new kind of matter.

  6. Examples of Chemical Properties • Ability of a match to light when struck • Wood burning to ash • Anything being cooked • Nail becoming rusted (iron changes to rust) • Milk spoils and curdles; food rotting • Car burning fuel • Body digesting food; digestion begins in the mouth with saliva • Wick burning on a candle; smoke released during burning; ash

  7. Clues that a Chemical Change is occurring • Heat is released • Odor is released • Smoke is released • A new substance is made

  8. Mixtures and Solutions are Physical changes and can be separated Mixture Solution A mixture where all parts are equally combined A solid is dissolved into a liquid Solid dissolved faster if The liquid is warm The solid is broken into small pieces The solution is stirred or shaken (rapid movement) • All parts of the mixture keep their physical properties • Parts are not evenly combined (ex. You may get more pretzels than your neighbor in a snack mix)

  9. Ways to separate a mixture or solution • Sifting- colander- separate rice and flour • Magnetism- magnet- separate paperclips and sand • Filtration- filter- separate sand from water • Evaporation- separate a dissolved solid from liquid • Liquid will evaporate more quickly if the heat is higher or if more of the surface area of the liquid is exposed

  10. Which 2 methods of separation would you use to separate a mixture of sand, salt, and water? • Sifting • Magnetism • Filtration • Evaporation

  11. Elements Made up of only one kind of matter

  12. Periodic Table of Elements

  13. What do all those numbers mean? • The atomic number tells how many protons the element has. Hydrogen has 1.

  14. Compound • Water or H₂O • Hydrogen Peroxide or H₂O₂ Substance made up of 2 or more elements.

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