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Physical Properties

Physical Properties. (2.2)PHYSICAL PROPERTY. A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.

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Physical Properties

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  1. Physical Properties

  2. (2.2)PHYSICAL PROPERTY • A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. • Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of physical properties.

  3. Viscosity • The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing—its resistance to flowing— is called its viscosity. • The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves. • Thick liquids, such as corn syrup and the honey have a high viscosity. • Thin liquids, such as vinegar, have a low viscosity. • The viscosity of a liquid usually decreases when it is heated

  4. Conductivity • A material’s ability to allow heat to flow is called conductivity. • Materials that have a high conductivity, such as metals, are called conductors. • Materials that have a low conductivity are called insulators • If a material is a good conductor of heat, it is usually also a good conductor of electricity

  5. Malleability • Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. • Most metals are malleable. • Solids that shatter when struck are brittle. • Most insulators are brittle as well

  6. Hardness • We have already covered this way back October • Just remember that a substance can only scratch something that it is either equal to or less than in hardness. • Something with a value of seven can scratch minerals with a value of seven or below.

  7. Melting/Boiling Point and Density • Melting Point-This is the temp in which a substance goes from solid to liquid • Boiling Point is liquid to gas • Density can be used to test the purity of a substance. • Recall that density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.

  8. Using Physical Properties • Physical properties are used to identify material, to choose a material for a specific purpose, or to separate the substances in a mixture. • Some properties can be used to separate mixtures. • Filtration and distillation are two common separation methods.

  9. Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. • When people make fresh coffee they use a filter to separate the coffee beans from the coffee. • Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points. • We distill salt water to make fresh water.

  10. Physical Change • A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same. • Two examples of physical changes are crumpling a piece of paper and slicing a tomato. • Crumpling and slicing are actions that change the size and shape of a material, but not its composition.

  11. Some physical changes can be reversed. • You can freeze water, melt the ice that forms, and then freeze the water again • Some physical changes cannot be reversed. You would not be able to replace the peel on a peeled orange

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