1. France’s Ultimate Monarch Louis XIV

2. Religious Wars Create a Crisis • Henry IV = 1st king of Bourbon dynasty • Catholics hate Henry b/c he’s Protestant, so he switched to Catholicism • 1598 – Henry declared religious tolerance for the Huguenots = Edict of Nantes

3. Henry IV Continued • Wanted to rebuild France and stop all of the religious bloodshed • Eventually stabbed to death by a fanatic who hated Henry’s religious compromises

4. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu • Louis = weak • His cardinal, Richelieu, was the true ruler of France • Wanted to be moral but was very ambitious • Increased power of Bourbon monarchy by moving against the Huguenots, limiting power of nobles and trying to make France the most powerful country in Europe

5. Pictures of Louis XIV and his palace

6. Skepticism • Intellectual movement that arose after the religious wars • Idea that nothing can be known for certain; doubted church doctrine • “All that is certain is that nothing is certain.” - Montaigne • Descartes – helped develop scientific method

7. Louis XIV Rules Absolutely • Cardinal Mazarin was the true ruler b/c Louis was only 5 • Mazarin made France strong: increased taxes and strengthened central government • Mazarin’s policies lead to riots led by nobles – Louis was freaked out and decided to reduce the noble’s power

8. Louis takes control… • 23 when took control • Excluded nobles from council and created government agents – intendants • Collected taxes and administered justice

9. Economic Growth • Jean Baptiste Colbert = minister of finance • Country focused on mercantilism and becoming self-sufficient • High tariffs and government loans to French companies • When Colbert died, Louis screwed up the economic policies (by oppressing the Huguenots – sent them running to the hills with their businesses etc.)

10. Louis’ Grand Style Louis as a kid – ugh! Louis as a young kid

11. Louis Fights Disastrous Wars • Kept wanting to fight wars to prove France’s strength • Freaked out Europe, so a bunch of European nations formed an alliance to stop France • Bad harvest + high taxes = suffering people • War weary country gets in ANOTHER war (War of Spanish Succession) - no European nation wanted France to have any say over the king of Spain.

12. War of Spanish Succession King Louis XIV of France was the most powerful monarch in Europe; it was feared that allowing his son to inherit Spain would seriously compromise the balance of power in Europe