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WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II. World War I, the Treaty of Versailles and economic depression caused the rise of Totalitarian Governments ( interest of the state over the individual ). Germany- Hitler Italy- Mussolini Japan- Tojo. Hitler. Hitler. MUSSOLINI AND HITLER. Mussolini and Hitler. TOJO. Tojo.

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WORLD WAR II

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  1. WORLD WAR II World War I, the Treaty of Versailles and economic depression caused the rise of TotalitarianGovernments (interest of the state over the individual). Germany-Hitler Italy-Mussolini Japan-Tojo

  2. Hitler Hitler

  3. MUSSOLINI AND HITLER Mussolini and Hitler

  4. TOJO Tojo

  5. APPEASEMENT • In 1933, Hitler and FDR came to power. Hitler was trying to unite the German speaking empire and persecuting the Jews. Europe had appeasedhim when he broke the Munich Pact and invaded Czechoslovakia ! • FDR said “we have nothing to fear but fear itself!”

  6. NEUTRALITY • Congress passed Neutrality Acts(prevented the sale of arms and lending money to warring countries) to try and stay out of the war. ISOLATIONISM • Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and the US issued trade restrictionswith Japan.

  7. THE EARLY WAR • The German invasion of Poland in 1939 led to war in Europe. • The Nazis usedblitzkrieg. FDR used policies such as “cash and carry”, destroyers-for-bases and Lend Lease. FDR opposed aggression in his Quarantine Speech.

  8. Atlantic Charter/1941 • FDR met with the allies to discuss aggression by Germany and Japan and post war strategies.

  9. PEARL HARBOR • On December7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the US was at war! • Churchill (England), FDR(US), Stalin(USSR) and DeGaulle (France) met often to discuss strategy and post war plans.

  10. PEARL HARBOR

  11. AT HOME/WAR MOBILIZATION • Ways Americans helped at home (mobilization of the home front): • Industries converted to war production, war bond drives, “victory gardens” and rationing (coupon booklets) • World War II pulled the country out of the depression!

  12. AT HOME/MOBILIZATION • “Rosie the Riveter”- icon of the period (working woman) • A Philip Randolph- African American labor union leader that threatened to march on Washington to get war-time jobs • Racial and ethnic tensions increased-African Americans served in racially segregated units. • Mexican-Americans were attacked in Los Angeles because their clothing was “un-American” • Japanese Internment Camps

  13. “ROSIE THE RIVETER” “Rosie the Riveter”

  14. SECOND FRONT • The Soviet Union was taking the brunt of the German aggression between 1941- 1944 and wanted the Allies to open a second front. • The British wanted the US to help the Royal Air Force (RAF) to take out the German air force for devastating Britain.

  15. Non-Aggression Pact • Stalin had signed a non-aggression pact with Germany but Hitler violated the pact

  16. BATTLES • Operation Torch- invasion of N. Africa to protect the oil fields of the Middle East and take pressure off of Russia • Stalingrad- Soviet resistance turned the tide on the eastern front. • Normandy (D-Day) Invasion- opened the western front in France • Battle of the Bulge- last German offensive and the beginning of the end

  17. Battle of Normandy/D-Day Invasion

  18. BATTLE OF THE BULGE

  19. DIVISION OFBERLIN/GERMANY • The British, French and Americans rushed to Berlin from the west and the Soviets from the east. • This caused the division of Berlin and Germany after WWII. • Germany surrendered but Japan did not. • Yalta Conference- Russia agreed to help defeat the Japanese and marched into Korea (leads to Korean War)!

  20. DIVISION OF GERMANY

  21. DEFEAT OF JAPAN • Battles in the Pacific: (strategy- Island hopping) • Midway-put Japan on the defensive (turning point) • Iwo Jima- needed as a base for allied heavy bombers • Okinawa-last major island needed before the invasion of the home islands • These battles showed how many American lives it would take to invade Japan. • Truman decided to drop the bomb on Hiroshimaand Nagasaki and Japan surrendered. • This caused mistrust with Russia and the Arms Race!

  22. Island Hopping

  23. Iwo Jima Memorial Washington DC

  24. HIROSHIMA Hiroshima Nagasaki

  25. THE HOLOCAUST • Holocaust(Hitler’s effort to rid Europe of the entire Jewish population-6 million) • Genocide • Kristallnacht-At least 91 Jews were killed in the attacks, and a further 30,000 arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. Jewishhomes, hospitals, and schools were ransacked, as the attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. Over 1,000 synagogues were burned (95 in Vienna alone), and over 7,000 Jewish businesses destroyed or damaged.(Night of Broken Glass!) • Anti-Semitismhatred of Jews

  26. THE HOLOCAUST

  27. Nuremberg Laws and Trial • Nuremberg Laws- restricted the rights of Jews • Nuremberg War Crimes Trials- 24 officers and civilians were charged with crimes against humanity they said they were “just following orders”/12 were sentenced to death • The establishment of the state of Israelafter the war and our continuing support of Israel is a result of the impact of the German war crimes on our conscience

  28. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AFTER WWII • Manhattan Project- making of the atomic bomb • Jet aircraft, radar, microwaves, computers and synthetic rubber • Space race-Russia launching Sputnik • Standard of living improved- TV • Nuclear energy • Medical advancements- penicillin, vaccines (polio), heart surgery • Life saving techniques impacted demographic patterns because Americans lived longer and the infant mortality rate fell • Improvements in agricultural technology (pesticides and chemical fertilizers)

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