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Mastering Statistics: Essential Concepts and Visualizations

Learn about measures of central tendency like mean, median, and mode, along with X-Y scatterplots, bar graphs, histograms, line graphs, and pie charts. Get useful tips on interpreting data and graphs, and understand the importance of reliable sources in research.

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Mastering Statistics: Essential Concepts and Visualizations

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  1. Statistics, Graphs and Examples What you need to support your “must knows”

  2. Measures of Central Tendency • Mean: Average; sum divided by number of measurements in a data set • Median: Middle number in a data set • Mode: Most frequently occurring number in a data set

  3. X-Y Scatterplot • Graph used to determine the relationship between two variables • Relationship may be positive, negative or non-existent • Correlation does not mean causation!!!

  4. Bar Graph • Histogram • Graph used to show frequencies on the Y axis and characteristics on the X axis • Used for discrete data

  5. Line Graph • Graph used to plot continuous data over time • X axis contains timeline, Y axis shows frequencies

  6. Pie Chart • Graph used to show percentage of a meaningful whole

  7. According to the Experts... • Fonts with serifs are easier to read in print • Fonts sans serif are easier to read when projected

  8. Read Carefully... • Random is not the same as a sample • Be suspicious of research sponsored by a product supplier • Celebrities often know little about their causes

  9. In general… • Use data from careful research and sampling polls • Telling stories is useful to provide a personal touch • It’s OK to give Personal opinion • Use Internet research from a credible site • Journals are preferable to popular periodicals

  10. And, don’t forget... • Know your subject • Know your audience

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