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12.1 (Sec. A&B) & 12.2 Period 5 Group 1

12.1 (Sec. A&B) & 12.2 Period 5 Group 1. Ions. Covalent bonding. Ionic bonding. Url : http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@ api/deki/files/3293/=ionicCl. jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covalent.svg/160px-Covalent.svg.png.

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12.1 (Sec. A&B) & 12.2 Period 5 Group 1

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  1. 12.1 (Sec. A&B) & 12.2Period 5Group 1

  2. Ions Covalent bonding Ionic bonding • Url: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@ api/deki/files/3293/=ionicCl. jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covalent.svg/160px-Covalent.svg.png

  3. Subtopic ITypes of Chemical Bonds • A bond is a force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit. Ionic Bonding • The strong bonding forces present result from the attraction among the closely packed, oppositely charged ions is the ionic bonding. Covalent bonding • The type of bonding in hydrogen molecules and many others where electrons are shared by nuclei is called covalent bonding. • Q: What is the type of bonding that are between the extremes in intermediate cases?

  4. A: Polar covalent bonding • url: http://www.chemprofessor.com/imf_files/image005.jpg

  5. Subtopic IIElectronegativity • The unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms is described by a property called electronegativity; the relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. Electronegativity generally: • Increases going from left to right across a period • Decreases going down a group for the representative elements. Polarity • The polarity of a bond depends on the difference between the electronegativity values of the atoms forming the bond. • Q: How does electronegativity increase and decrease on the periodic table?

  6. A: Electronegativity increases going left to right across a period and decreases going down a group. Url: http://www.grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Electronegativity/assets/ElectronegativityTrends.gif

  7. Subtopic IIIStable Electron Configuration Changes Configuration • Metals form ions by losing electrons to achieve the configuration of the previous noble gases. • Chemical compounds are always neutral • Q: What is the main difference between how metals and nonmetals form ions?

  8. A: Metal ions form by losing electrons to match the configuration of previous noble gases. Nonmetals gains. url: http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130W/03-BuildingBlocks/Chaos/Orbitals-d.jpg

  9. Subtopic IVIonic Bonding and Structures • Strong bonding in these ionic compounds result from the attractions between the oppositely charged cations and anions. Structures of ionic compounds • To understand the packing of ions, it helps to realize a cation is always smaller than the parent atom, and an anion is always larger than the parent atom. • Q: What are the oppositely charged ions used to bond ionic compounds, and how are they different by another?

  10. A: Cations and anions; cation is positively charged while anion are negatively charged. • url: http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/fundamental/images/polarisation.jpg

  11. Subtopic VIonic Compounds containing Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic Ions – Charged species composed of several atoms Example: Ammonium Nitrate contains the NH4+ and NO3- • Q: What are polyatomic ions and give an example?

  12. A: Polyatomic ions are charged species composed of several atoms. Example: Ammonium Nitrate • url: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_13rTsbdEqkM/RkZrzSfQ6QI/AAAAAAAAAA8/LriAgPaAZUY/s200/220px-Nitroglycerin-2D-skeletal.png

  13. Quiz • Q #1: What is the difference between the atoms used in ionic and covalent bonding? • Q #2: How are atoms held together by a force that makes them function as a unit? • Q #3: How are polyatomic ions different from simple anions? • Q #4: What does the polarity of 1 bond depend on? • Q #5: Why must all compounds be electronically neutral?

  14. Answers • A #1: The atoms in ionic bonding are metals and nonmetals while covalent uses nonmetal and nonmetal. • A #2: They are held by a bond. • A #3: An anion is a negative charge formed by a nonmetal and polyatomic ions are charged species composed of atoms. • A #4: It depends on the difference between electronegativity values of the atoms forming that bond • A #5: Because all compounds have either a positive or negative charge that cancels out to no charge.

  15. Reference Page • http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@ api/deki/files/3293/=ionicCl. Jpg • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covalent.svg/160px-Covalent.svg.png • http://www.chemprofessor.com/imf_files/image005.jpg • http://www.grandinetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/Electronegativity/assets/ElectronegativityTrends.gif • http://www.chemistryland.com/CHM130W/03-BuildingBlocks/Chaos/Orbitals-d.jpg • http://scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/fundamental/images/polarisation.jpg • http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_13rTsbdEqkM/RkZrzSfQ6QI/AAAAAAAAAA8/LriAgPaAZUY/s200/220px-Nitroglycerin-2D-skeletal.png

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