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This study explores the effects of cognitive anxiety (CA) and somatic anxiety (SA) on swimmers' performance, addressing methodological issues in previous research. It investigates how individual and situational factors, including task duration and complexity, influence the relationship between anxiety and performance outcomes. Utilizing the CSAI-2 for various competition stages, findings indicate that CA is more strongly correlated with performance than SA, which follows an inverted-U pattern. The results enhance understanding of anxiety's role in athletic performance and provide insights for training and competition strategies.
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Background • Cognitive vs. Somatic Anxiety • Outcome measures • Inter vs. Intra Individual performance • CA = linear performance • SC = linear performance • SA = inverted U performance
Task & Anxiety • CA or SA more detrimental to fine task? • Task Duration & SA • Task Complexity & SA • Decision characteristics • Perceptual characteristics • Motor Response characteristics
Purpose & Hypotheses • Clean up previous methodological issues. • #1: CA more related to performance than SA • #2: SA = inverted U; CA & SA = linear. • #3: Short duration w/ h or l task complexity events have a stronger relationship between SA and performance.
Method • 2 Samples • 1: CSAI-2 3X (early, mid, championship) • 2: CSAI-2 2X (2 days prior to competition and again w/in 1 hour of race) • Perf. measure: Current – PR = score • Converted to 50m scores • Duration: >100=S; 200<x>400=M; 800<=L • Complexity: based upon event
Results from #1 • CA & SC significantly related to perf. 3X • SA only at mid. • Anxious swimmer DO swim slower • SC relationship to performance supported • CSAI-2-cog = better predictor variable
Results from #2 & #3 • All three predictions supported. (2) • Duration: • S events: CSAI-2-som significant (cog still stronger). • M: CSAI-2-som declined • L: CSAI-2-som increased again • Complexity: • CSAI-2-som more important on both ends • Not the same though.