Revolutionary France

Revolutionary France p. 114

Why Revolution? • The violence of the French Revolution was accidental • unwarranted fear of the king’s troops made people take arms. • The new government argued about how much change France should undergo. • Moderates wanted gradual change and to keep a limited monarchy. • Radicals wanted to remove the king, seize Church and noble lands, and other drastic changes.

A New, Hopeful France • Slogan of the Revolution: • “Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite” • Freedom from the oppressive system • Equality of all people, rich and poor. • Brotherhood, all French people will care for each other

Obstacle to Progress • Faction: • a group of people, in the same political party, who disagree with others in the same party about how to do things. • The greatest problem of the revolutionary government was disagreement among the revolutionaries on how to affect change.

worksheet: Political Science Moment: The Political spectrum— Liberal (Leftist) Conservative (Rightist) reforms to improve society Protect current social order

Political Strains • Marquis de Lafayette: • Aristocratic Frenchman • served under George Washington in the American Revolution. • He returned to France supportive of the idea to change the government. • A moderate. • Moderates • wanted to keep the monarch,with no power • the country run by a republican legislature

The French Constitution of 1791 reflectedEnlightenment ideas: ideas all ideas of what Enlightenment philosophers? (2 out of 3) John Locke Jean Jacques Rousseau. Voltaire • Created an elected legislature (republic) • Equality of citizens • Removed Church control of government (separation of church and state) • Freedom of Speech • Tolerance • General Will

Remember? • Use the following information to answer the question below • Natural Rights Philosophy: • Emphasizes individual rights to life, liberty, and property. • What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy described on the left? • A. The Communist Manifesto • B. Plato’s Republic • C. Luther’s Ninety-five Theses • D. The Declaration of Independence

Women • Olympe de Gouges: • Woman revolutionary • criticized the revolutionary men who failed to give women rights • Composed the “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen”, • she demanded women’s rights • the right to vote. • Arrested by the revolution. • What happened to her when the radicals took control of the revolutionary government?

Marie Antoinette: • Queen of France and sister of the Austrian King. • Hated by people because: • Austrian, not French • Of her expensive lifestyle. • Rumored to have said the following….. • Palace person to the Queen: “Your majesty, the peasants are starving, they haven’t enough money for bread.” • Queen: “Then, let them eat cake!” • Insult: Even more expensive than bread….. • She and Louis XVI were seized by a mob of women revolutionaries (and men dressed as women) and taken to Paris.

Émigré: • French nobles, clergy, and others who fled during the revolution • were targets of the rioting mobs • did not support the revolution. • The revolutionary government made it illegal to leave France. • Many were arrested • they were taking much wealth with them, • Émigré stories in foreign countries would frighten the foreign monarchies. • It was suspected they would help enemy countries attack France. • Many countries decided the French revolution had to be defeated.

Sans-culottes: • Leftist radical peasants and working people who took control of revolution. • They feared invasion by pro-monarchist armies. • So-called because poor men wore trousers, not the stylishly expensive short-legged culotte pants of the wealthy class.

Jacobins: • leftist radical group of professionals and lawyers. • took control of the revolutionary government with the sans-culottes in 1792. • They decided to spread the revolution and stop their invaders….. • they declared war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, and others…

Republic: • a government run by elected representativesinstead of a monarch. • It may or may not keep the monarch as a symbolic leader. • Sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded one.

Royal Trouble • The royal family tried to escape to • Austria. • Why Austria? • Marie Antoinette’s brother, the emperor, would protect them there. • They were caught and put under house arrest by an increasingly fearful revolutionary government.

Remember? • What is a government called which has a king or queen controlled by constitutional law? • Limited monarch

End hwk • Begin notes

Standards Check, p. 115: • Question: • Famine and fear of government assault

p. 115, Identify Central Issues • Question • The Declaration of Independence and other American writings on liberty and equality inspired people like Lafayette to rebel.

Remember? • When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, they were attempting to • a. establish a military government • b. draft a new national constitution • c. restore the king to power • d. persuade Napoleon to take power.

p. 116, Image, Playing Dress Up • Question: • Although she was compassionate to the poor, she lived extravagantly and was against reforms. • why might her “living poor” hobby insult most French people? • Her “living poor” hobby insulted many, because she still had plenty of money and never suffered like the poor.

p. 117, analyzing visuals • Question • Because it was the capital and chief city of France

Standards Check: p. 117: • Question • The nobles in the National Assembly voted to give up their privileges.

Image, p. 118, Analyzing Political Cartoons • EC: who are the four people running from the revolutionary chaos? • The influential European rulers and the Pope; all controlled most of the power/wealth in Europe • 1 • They didn’t want to lose their privileges and power • Feared the influence of the Third Estate’s actions. • 2 • As giant French rats (suggesting there are so many people who are revolutionaries, but the powerful people did not think much of them. • Their tails form a guillotine. • EC: Is it pro or anti revolution? • pro: The little people are now large, aggressively taking their rights from the panic-stricken super-wealthy.

Standards Check, p. 118 • Question: • Limited monarchy • Created a Legislative Assembly • Replaced old provinces with 83 “departments” • Abolished provincial courts • Reformed laws

Standards Check, p. 119 • Question: • Supporters of the Enlightenment in Europe were pleased with it. • European nobles and monarchs denounced it.

Remember? • The Principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution are similar in many ways. Which of the following best summarizes their similarities? • a. both favored representative government • b. both limited voting rights to an economic elite • c. both retained certain hereditary rights for aristocrats • d. both supported equal rights for women.

p. 120, Thinking Critically • 1. • Article 6 states that all citizens are equal under the law and have the right to participate in government. • This marked a significant change for most French citizens, who were not previously treated equally under the law • 2. • Both stated that all men are created equal

Invasion and War • Prussia and Austria allied to fight the French Revolutionaries. • What young Frenchman proved himself ably on the battlefield defending revolutionary France from these invasions? • Napoleon Bonaparte • He rose rapidly through the ranks • He gained massive public admiration.

Brief Response • What caused the radical revolutionaries to take control of the revolution and create a more violent government?

Revolutionary France