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VISION & LIGHTING

Explore the structure of the eye, visual acuity, color vision, vision in low light, contrast sensitivity, glare, reflections, and the selection and design of lighting for optimal vision. Also, learn about the ears and hearing, noise control, the thermal environment, vibration, and the importance of smell, taste, touch, clothing, and personal protective equipment.

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VISION & LIGHTING

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  1. VISION & LIGHTING

  2. Topics to be discussed • The eye & visual capabilities • Lighting for work

  3. Structure of the eye • Iris • Pupil • Retina • Fovea • Rods • Cones • Pic from book p4 Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

  4. Visual acuity • Fine detail • Changes with ageing Snellen Eye Chart www.disabled-world.com

  5. Colour vision • Seeing colour • Colour deficiency • Visual aids Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

  6. Vision in low light • Lack of colour • Adaptation Which jobs in your industry require either very good visual acuity and/or colour vision? Are they designed to allow this?

  7. Contrast sensitivity • Low contrast • High contrast • Flicker

  8. Glare • Disability • Discomfort www.eclipze.com.au www.tintshield.com.au

  9. Reflections Place monitor side on to a window to reduce reflections WorkSafe Vic.

  10. Illuminance Definition: • Amount of light falling on a surface Stevenson

  11. Luminance • Definition: • Amount of light emitted by objects or from surfaces Stevenson

  12. Luminaires • Incandescent • Gas discharge Selection of lighting • Orientation • Normal • Special

  13. Lighting design • Task • Viewer • Area • Environment • Lamp • Illuminance • Uniformity • Maintenance • Daylight UOW

  14. Reducing eye strain Regularly look away from near work. Each 20 minutes, look at least 6 metres/20 feet “Each 20, look 20”

  15. NOISE

  16. Topics to be discussed Ears and hearing Noise Controlling noise exposure

  17. Structure of the ear Pic from p.4 Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

  18. Hearing problems • Hearing loss • Tinnitus HSE

  19. Nuisance noise • Loud • High frequency • Unaccustomed • Dislike source • Unfamiliar • Intermittent

  20. Measuring noise • dB(A) – average • dB(C) – peak www.noisemeters.com

  21. Typical noise levels HSE

  22. Controlling noise (1) 1. Engineering solutions?

  23. Controlling noise (2) 2. Administrative controls?

  24. Controlling noise (3) 3. PPE: hearing protection? HSE Incorrect The correct and incorrect fitting of earplugs

  25. THERMAL ENVIRONMENT Bluescope Steel

  26. Factors affecting the thermal environment Qld Health • Air temperature • Radiant temperature • Humidity • Air movement • Human activity • Clothing

  27. Australian Bureau of Meteorology

  28. Impact of heat stress BP

  29. Australian Bureau of Meteorology

  30. Exposure to heat S.H.A.F.T.S. To increase tolerance to heat: Sensible Hydrated Acclimatised Fit Thin Sober • Engineering • Work practices • Personal tolerance

  31. Exposure to cold • Engineering • Work practices • Personal tolerance HSM BP

  32. Thermal comfort surveys • Refer to Table 6.3 in manual • Air tempt • Humidity • Thermal radiation • Air movements • Physical workload • Clothing • Worker opinion

  33. VIBRATION

  34. Topics to be discussed Hand-transmitted vibration Whole body vibration Causes Effects Reducing risk

  35. Hand-transmitted vibration (1) ‘H.A.V.S’ Vascular Neurological Muscle Joint Bone Source: www.havsrm.com

  36. Hand-transmitted vibration (2) Source.. • Handheld power tools • Hand guided powered equipment • Powered machines

  37. Hand-transmitted vibration (3) Common tools: • Jackhammer • Rotary hammer • Impact drill • Chainsaw • Angle grinder • Hand-guided machines

  38. Hand-transmitted vibration (4) HSE

  39. Hand-transmitted vibration (5) HSE

  40. Reduce risk… Tool selection Maintenance Warm and dry Exposure schedule Hand-transmitted vibration (6)

  41. Whole body vibration (1) Source: • Sitting in plant • Standing on a work platform Examples: • Off road machinery in mining, construction, forestry & agriculture • Driving vehicles designed for smooth roads over uneven surfaces / yards UOW

  42. Whole body vibration (2) To assess exposure (as per ISO 2631): McPhee

  43. Whole body vibration (3)  Best ever ride  Worst ever ride McPhee

  44. Whole body vibration (4) Reduce risk: • Road maintenance • Well maintained vehicles • Cab isolation • Limiting speed • Operator training • Vibration monitoring • Regular rest breaks KAB Seating

  45. SMELL, TASTE & TOUCH

  46. Senses at work… Smell taste & touch may all be required in jobs, with varying degrees of importance…

  47. Smell & taste .. many hazardous substances do NOT emit an odour… & sense of smell adapts quickly to some smells… Mosby’s Medical Encyclopaedia

  48. Smell & taste Bluescope Steel

  49. Skin & touch • Types of skin damage: • Contact eczema • Cuts & abrasions • Skin irritation • Sunburn • Cold exposure

  50. CLOTHING & PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & ergonomics considerations…

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