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MACROMOLECULES

MACROMOLECULES. MACROMOLECULES. “ large molecules ” Made mostly of carbon, hydrogen , and some other molecules biochemistry is the study of these molecules that form life. Carbon is a Versatile Atom. Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell, so it can bond to 4 other molecules.

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MACROMOLECULES

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  1. MACROMOLECULES

  2. MACROMOLECULES • “large molecules” • Made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and some other molecules • biochemistry is the study of these molecules that form life.

  3. Carbon is a Versatile Atom • Carbon has four electronsin its outer shell, so it can bond to 4 other molecules.

  4. Shape of Organic Molecules • Each type of organic molecule has a unique three-dimensional structure Thestructureof a molecule determines its functionin an organism

  5. Macromolecules are made of many small subunits bonded together • Monomers are the individual subunits. • Polymersare made of many monomers

  6. Where did they come from? • The primordial Earth (over 3 billion years ago) was a very different place than today • greater amounts of energy • stronger storms • many active volcanoes

  7. There was an abundance of inorganic gases but no oxygen, and… • THERE WAS NO LIFE

  8. Stanley Miller wanted to show that organic compounds came from inorganic chemicals present in the atmosphere at that time.

  9. amino acids formed. • Subsequent modifications of the experiment produced all four organic macromolecule classes.

  10. There are 4 types of macromolecules that make up all living things. • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  11. Carbohydrates • Function • main source of energy for cells • part of cell structure • Cellulose in cell walls of plants • Chitin in cell walls of Fungi and exoskeleton of insects • Monomer – simple sugar or glucose

  12. Part of cell • Chloroplast • Mitochondria • Examples – • Sugar • Starch • Food sources of carbohydrates include sugar, breads, rice, pasta, etc.

  13. Lipids • Function - • Store energy • Make up cell membranes • Makeshormones • waterproofing and insulation.

  14. Monomer • fatty acids. • Part of cell • Cell membranes • Examples • fats, oils, waxes and steroids.

  15. Proteins • Functions • enzymes that regulate cell processes • transport molecules across cell membranes. • Build tissues like muscle and bone • Fight infection and disease

  16. Monomers – amino acids • Parts of cell – almost all parts of cell • Examples – food sources • Meat • Eggs • Dried beans or peas • Milk • Cheese Amino acid

  17. Nucleic Acids • Function • DNA stores genetic information. • RNA builds proteins. • Monomer - nucleotide

  18. Parts of cell • Chromosomes (DNA) • Ribosomes (RNA) • Nucleus • Examples - DNA & RNA

  19. MACROMOLECULE “CUBE” • Fold construction paper as instructed • For each macromolecule: • Function • Monomer • Part of cell • Examples • Picture

  20. MACROMOLECULE “CUBE” • Fold construction paper as instructed • For each macromolecule: • Function • Monomer • Part of cell • Examples • Picture

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