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Take out your HW: Transcription wkst

Take out your HW: Transcription wkst. Somewhere on a sheet of scratch paper or in your notes, TRANSCRIBE the following DNA sequence into mRNA: TAC AGT CCA GCG ATA ATT. Homework due tomorrow: Protein Synthesis wkst. AUG. UCA. GGU. CGC. UAU. UAA.

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Take out your HW: Transcription wkst

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  1. Take out your HW: Transcription wkst Somewhere on a sheet of scratch paper or in your notes, TRANSCRIBE the following DNA sequence into mRNA: TAC AGT CCA GCG ATA ATT Homework due tomorrow: Protein Synthesis wkst AUG UCA GGU CGC UAU UAA

  2. TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein • Think back to the information contained in your homework assignment: • What is produced when the process of transcription is complete? • What are 2 differences that were listed/shown between DNA and RNA? Chapter 11, Section 2

  3. Genes & Proteins • What is the function of a gene? • codes for traits, inherited from parents • Genes code for specific proteins • Proteins make up muscles, hair, tissues, enzymes, & pigments • Protein Synthesis = reading the DNA, forming RNA, using RNA to make the protein (DNA  RNA  Protein) • Occurs through the processes of transcription and translation

  4. RNA • RNAis a nucleic acid (like DNA) • Differs in structure from DNA:

  5. Focusing on RNA • There are 3 different types of RNA that you will need to know: • mRNA • rRNA • tRNA

  6. Types of RNA • 1.Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Carries genetic “message” from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytosol • “Read” by ribosomes to make proteins • Contain codons

  7. 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Part of the structure of ribosomes • Ribosome = protein and rRNA

  8. 3. Transfer RNA • Transfers amino acidsto the ribosome to make protein

  9. Transcription: Getting the message out of the nucleus • Transcription = enzymes make RNA by copying a portion of DNA in the nucleus • If a DNA sequence is AATCCGGA, what is the complimentary RNA sequence? • UUAGGCCU • The mRNA that gets sequenced is sent out of the nucleus to help make protein

  10. Genetic Code • Sequence of Nitrogenous Bases codes for a specific Amino Acid that is connected to other amino acids to make a Protein • Codon = the nitrogenous bases of 3 adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that code for • Start Signal (starts the protein making process) • 1 of 20 different amino acids (parts of a protein) • Stop Signal (stops the protein making process) • Codons are like 3-letter words • Words contain meaning to us: CAT = • Codons contain meaning in the form of an amino acid CAU = Histidine

  11. An amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon • 20 amino acids combine in different combinations to make various proteins

  12. Translation: Going from the language of bases (AUGC) to proteins • Translation = using the mRNA to make protein, reading the codons • Takes place at the ribosomes • The mRNA is “read” in between the 2 sub-units of the ribosome • tRNA carries the amino acid coded for by the mRNA codons and has ananticodon that pairs up with the mRNA codon • Codon (mRNA) and anticodon (tRNA) follow RNA base-pairing rules • Amino acids form peptide bonds between each other to create a long chain of amino acids

  13. Transcription

  14. Amino acids to protein • Amino acid chains start to fold creating 3-dimensional structures • Several of these 3-D structures combine to form a functional protein • These proteins then carry out cellular functions

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