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Seaplanes within a Seabase Environment

Seaplanes within a Seabase Environment. Originally Presented at ASNE Seabasing Conference 27-28 Jan 05. Outline. Seaplane Background Rough Water Operations Seaplane Integration in a Sea Base Summary. Team. Mentors - NSWC Carderock. Jack Offutt Kelly Cooper

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Seaplanes within a Seabase Environment

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  1. Seaplanes within a Seabase Environment Originally Presented at ASNE Seabasing Conference 27-28 Jan 05

  2. Outline • Seaplane Background • Rough Water Operations • Seaplane Integration in a Sea Base • Summary

  3. Team Mentors - NSWC Carderock • Jack Offutt • Kelly Cooper • LCdr Russell Peters : Can Navy • Mark Selfridge : UK MoD • Jessaji Odedra : UK MoD DESG • Geoff Hope : UK MoD DESG • Brent Lindon : US Acq. Intern • Dr Colen Kennell : NSWC-CD • Bill Horn : NAVAIR • August Bellanca : NAVAIR • Carey Matthews : NAVAIR Sponsors/Mentors - External Industry & Academia Contacts • Rear Admiral Jay Cohen, CNR • Rear Admiral Paul Sullivan, NAVSEA 05 • Jeff Hough, NAVSEA 05D1 • Sharon Beermann-Curtin, ONR, NNRNE • USN Museum at WNY • National Air & Space Museum • Shin Meiwa Industries • Beriev Aircraft Company • SNAME Panel SD-5 • SAIC • Dr. Dan Savitsky, SIT

  4. The Defense Science Board’s report on Seabasing identifies 12 issues that must be addressed to make Seabasing a reality. The report states: “Among the issues on the list, three stand out as especially important that must be developed ... 2) a heavy-lift aircraft (>20 tons) with theater wide range that can be based at sea.” “The bottom line: future heavy lift aircraft must be capable of operating in austere environments and from the Seabase.”

  5. Seaplane Background

  6. Flying boat Float plane Amphibian Types of Seaplanes

  7. De Havilland XC8a Buffalo Bell ACLS Convair Seadart Stroukoff YC-123E HRV-1 Hydrofoil Amphibian Alternate Landing Systems

  8. Yankee Clipper Wright Flyer PBY Catalina Curtiss Hydroplane JMR Mars Princess 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 Tradewind A-42 PS-1 Be-200 Seamaster 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Seaplanes Evolution

  9. Operated seaplanes ~ +50 years Thousands in service PBY Catalina 217 - PB2Y Coronado 1,366 - PBM Mariner 284 - P5M Marlin 464 - HU-16 Albatross 6 - JMR Mars 11 - R3Y Tradewind Rich USN Seaplane Legacy 2,026 USN aircraft & 1,255 non-USN

  10. CL-214 USA-1 A-40 BE -200 Modern Seaplanes

  11. <3 sec 15 Swell height 1.5-3 ft length 150 ft Wind speed 2 knots 10 80 Pitch Water Speed (knots) Pitch (degrees) ~10 deg 5 40 Speed Take-off abandoned 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time (sec) Rough Water Operation Anatomy of an Aborted Take-off “Porpoising worst whenstability limits close together & porpoising frequencies = rate of striking crests” Solent 82,000 lbs • Perception – consequences of loss of control are critical • Plow-in • Stall Crash

  12. Operating Limits ~ 80,000 lb Aircraft 15 14 13 12 Breaking Waves 11 ~90% 10 9 SS 5 SS 4 8 Wave height (ft) 7 6 5 4 3 Conventional Flying Boat 2 1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Wave length (ft)

  13. Successful Trial Trials with Issues Operating Limits ~ 80,000 lb Aircraft 15 14 13 12 Breaking Waves 11 ~90% 10 9 SS 5 SS 4 8 Wave height (ft) 7 6 5 4 3 Conventional Flying Boat 2 1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Wave length (ft)

  14. 15 14 13 12 Breaking Waves 11 ~90% 10 9 SS 5 SS 4 8 Wave height (ft) 7 6 5 4 3 Conventional Flying Boat 2 1 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 Wave length (ft) Successful Trial Trials with Issues Operating Limits Shin Meiwa US-1A - 79,000 lb Aircraft US-1A

  15. RANGE vs PAYLOAD Goal Technology Princess R3Y-1 Tradewind JRM-2 Mars R3Y-2 Bowloader C-130J

  16. Seaplane Integration in a Sea Base

  17. Seabase issues required to support seaplanes as Seabase connectors

  18. Mission Reconfiguration Maintenance Aircraft Safety Equipment Docking/ Undocking Seabase issues required to support seaplanes as Seabase connectors Terminal Facilities Op Area Management Loading/ Unloading Mooring Refuelling

  19. Docking/ Undocking Seabase issues required to support seaplanes as Seabase connectors Op Area Management Loading/ Unloading Mooring

  20. Mooring and Docking

  21. Payload transfer with the seaplane at the Seabase requires either: • Securing and interfacing with the aircraft in the water • Removing the aircraft from the water via beaching or docking

  22. Early seaplane at sea mooring and interfacing concepts

  23. Early seaplane out of the water docking and interfacing concepts

  24. We propose expanding the ITS concept to be a Seabase – Seaplane interface

  25. Seabase to Shore Connector

  26. Early seaplanes beaching concepts

  27. Op Area Management

  28. Seabase operational area management for airstrip: • Control of pollution • Control of intruders on airstrip (commercial or military traffic) • Maintenance (or movement) or markers • FOD and debris control and removal • Aircraft crash, rescue, safety • Sensors to measure sea state

  29. Conclusions Inter-theater Intra-theater • Seaplanes can provide useful capabilities to the Sea Base • Methods to integrate seaplanes in a Sea Base are known • Safe & efficient personnel/cargo transfer in rough seas is critical

  30. Questions

  31. Backup

  32. Reliable rough water operation is crucial Take-off Landing Taxiing Load/unload Survival Demonstrated in gales Appropriate mooring systems Required operability is undefined Operations through SS 4 selected as target Good rough water performance data is scarce Worldwide Open Ocean 4 5

  33. Characteristics MTOW (lbs) - sheltered water 94,800 - open ocean 79,400 Speed (knots) 230 Range (nm) 2,300 Mission SAR Technology 1967 delivery Hull - slender hull - spray suppression systems - STOL - blown flaps, rudder, elevator

  34. Reverse thrust Turbo-props ‘Double chine’ hull Retractable wingtip floats Rear door hatch Faired step High T-tail Over-wing blowing Large fuselage x-sectional area & volume Bow nose un/loading • Aircraft weights (lbs) • MTOW = 260,000 • Payload & Cargo • Payload weight = 60,000 lbs • Cargo = 180 troops • or 20’ ISO containers • Speed & Range • Cruise speed = 325 kts • Range = 2000 nm

  35. 2.5 Million lb. Gross Weight Boeing 747 400 seat airliner 800,000 lbs 1 Million lb. Gross Weight

  36. Conclusions: • Seaplanes can be effective Seabase connectors (either from intermediate base for force closure or to shore) • The technology exists and has been demonstrated to interface seaplanes with the Seabase • The ITS, when combined with existing concepts, will make an efficient seaplane-Seabase interface

  37. Comparison of conceptual design C- 5 US-1A C-17 C-130

  38. front plan side

  39. Primary • Force closure • Logistics delivery • Refueling Secondary • Reconnaissance • Search & rescue • Para - drop

  40. Rapid take-off & landing is important - awareness of sea surface and weather - exploit benign patches of water - STOL technology - power

  41. Cargo handling

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