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The estimation of growth and physiological conditions of species growing on the land reclamation model. The students research will be conducted on experimental model which was built in 2003 at Nowe Czarnowo („Dolna Odra „Power Plant). MODEL DESCRIPTION.
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The estimation of growth and physiological conditions of species growing on the land reclamation model
The students research will be conducted on experimental model which was built in 2003 at Nowe Czarnowo („Dolna Odra „Power Plant).
Ashes are an unavoidable waste resulting from the production of the coal-fired electric generating plants. The fly ashes from hard coal constitute a fine-grained material dominated by the dust fraction (0.1–0.2 mm), characterized by a high reaction (pH 9-13) and the lack of the organic substance and the nitrogen. Huge amounts of those wastes have been disposed in landfills of a considerable area excluded from the agricultural and sylvan use. Presently the furnace wastes are widely used in the construction and road industries as well as in the macro leveling). It is also possible to use this waste product in the reclamation of the degraded land.
In order to improve the characteristics of the ashes as the reclaiming material other waste products abundant in the organic matter and the nutritious components, particularly the nitrogen, can be used. Such materials are: the sewage sludge and the composts made of these, bark, peat, straw, or the municipal greens waste. The value of the municipal sewage sludge is determined by the content of the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and the trace elements. The application of the ashes with the addition of the organic waste in the land reclamation demands detailed studies determining their effect on the environment.
The general objective of this project is to create model for field experimental works connected with reclamation of ashes and organic wastes and use them as: parks, forests, recreations habits and areas for the cultivation of biomass energy crops. Using in the model different variants give possibilities to know the soil processes and reaction of plants in aspect of their usefulness for reclamation. This general objective was translated into following specific objectives: • The effect of ashes from Power Plant and organic wastes on the growth of the alternative biomass energy crops; • The usefulness of the grass mixtures and trees for introduction on the reclaimed areas; • The effect of ashes from power plant and organic wastes on water quality and the grass growth (lysimeters study).
The experimental design The model consist of separated plots (variants) with different construction of dawn (2m) and top layers (0.4 m). Dawn layers filling (2 m): • ash-slag with the added mineral fertilizers NPK (60-70-70 kg/ha) • sole ash-slag;
Top layers (0,4 m) • mixture of a low peat with slag at the proportion 1:3 • mixture of the coniferous bark, the loose sand, the compost produced by GWDA method, the ash-slag, at the proportion 1:1:2:4 • mixture of the loose sand, the compost produced by GWDA method, the compost from a fermented municipal sewage sludge, consisting of 70% sludge, 15% straw, 15 % municipal greens waste corresponding with the dry weight, at the proportion 1:1:2. • mixture of the loose sand, the ash-slag, the compost produced by GWDA method, the compost from a fermented municipal sewage sludge, consisting of 70% sludge, 30% municipal greens waste corresponding with the dry weight, at the proportion 0,5:0,5:1:2. • mixture of the coniferous bark, the loose sand, the compost produced by GWDA method, the compost from a fermented municipal sewage sludge consisting of 70% sludge and 30% straw corresponding with the dry weight, at the proportion 1:1:2:4.
Control background • the same 5 top layers on filling from the natural sandy soil • the natural sandy soil (whole profile), • the ash-slag across the whole profile
The following species was introduced on the model: 1. Biomass energy crops • Willow (Salix viminalis)- danish biomass selected genotype • Jerusalem artichoke (Heliantus tuberosus) v. Albik, • Sida (Sida hermafrodita R.) • Miscanthus sacchariflorus • Miscanthus sinensis • Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
2. Four special mixtures of the grass • Poa pratensis – 60%, Festuca rubra rubra – 20%, Lolium perenne L. – 20%)-M 1, • Festuca rubra rubra – 60%, Poa pratensis – 20%, Lolium perenne L. – 20% – M2, • Lolium perenne L. – 60%, Festuca rubra rubra – 20%, Poa pratensis – 20%) – M3, • Festuca arundinacea – 60%, Festuca rubra rubra – 15%, Poa pratensis – 15%, Lolium perenne L. – 10%) – M4.
3. The 11 species of the trees and scrubs • Northern red oak (Quercus rubra) • Smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria) • Ramanas rose (Rosa rugosa) • European larch (Larix decidua) • European beech (Fagus sylvatica) • Serbian spruce (Picea omorica) • Colorado white fir (Abies concolor) • Sea bucktour (Hippophae rhamnoides) • Montain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) • Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) • Honey locust (Gleditsia triacantos)
Miscanthus sinensis Miscanthus sacchariflorus
