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Climatic Anomalies

Climatic Anomalies. Greenhouse effect vs Global warming Causes of global warming Impacts of global warming Ways to combat global warming 1. Individual’s action 2. HKSAR government 3. International cooperation. Greenhouse effect vs Global warming. Greenhouse effect

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Climatic Anomalies

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  1. Climatic Anomalies • Greenhouse effect vs Global warming • Causes of global warming • Impacts of global warming • Ways to combat global warming 1. Individual’s action 2. HKSAR government 3. International cooperation

  2. Greenhouse effect vs Global warming • Greenhouse effect -blanket effect -Greenhouse gases • Global warming -Intensification of greenhouse effect -global temperature rising gradually

  3. Causes of global warming:Increase in GHG • GHG: water vapour,CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs • Natural sources CO2: volcanic eruptions, respiration • Man-made sources CO2: Deforestation, fossil fuels combustion incineration, power plant, industries

  4. Impacts of global warming • Physical environment: Climate, sea-level, soil, plants and animals • Socio-economic: Agriculture, forestry, energy, recreation, navigation, health • Case studies: 1. HKSAR 2. Mainland China

  5. Ways to combat global warming: Individual’s action • 3R: reduce + recycle + reuse • Use public transport • Use clean energy • Use eco-friendly products • Plant trees • Educate others

  6. Ways to combat global warming: HKSAR government • RAMSAR • World Summit 2002 • Kyoto Protocol: - HKSAR Mainland China - Non-annex I Parties • Reduce CO2 emission - Power plants: Nuclear, Coal, Natural gas, Oil - LPG cars

  7. Ways to combat global warming: International cooperation • 1992 Earth Summit – UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) • 1997 Kyoto Protocol: 5 . 2% reduction of 1990 levels between 2008-12 • 2002 World Summit – ratify Kyoto Protocol

  8. Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Elements • Countries: Annex I(MDC) , Non-annex I(LDC) • Commitments, e.g. EU-8% , USA-7%, Russia 0% • Implementation 1. Joint Implementation (聯合實施) 2. Emission Trading (排放交易) 3. Clean Development Mechanism (淨化發展機制) 4. Carbon sinks (碳吸納)

  9. Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Ratification 確認- 55%CO2 e+55 countries • Will not ratify: USA, Australia • Willing(?) to ratify: Russia ( 17.4% CO2 emission), 2003 ?? • Ratified: Almost 100 countries (44 % CO2 emission).

  10. Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Objections Countries so reluction to cooperate: • USA Professionals’ objections: • Oil companies • Environmental scientists

  11. Koyoto Protocol 京都協議Arguments - Responsibility • MDC - “Everyone’s responsibility” - fairness • LDC - “Polluter pays” - need technology+ money - suffer the most

  12. Case studies:HKSAR • Temperature • Sea level • Extreme weather • Food • Hill Fires • Energy • Health • Recreation • Coastal ecosystem

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