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Understanding Computers: Hardware, Software, and Their Functions

Computers are electronic devices that store, process, input, and output data to generate results. They comprise two main components: hardware and software. Hardware includes all physical parts, such as input devices (keyboard, mouse), the CPU (the brain of the computer), memory, and storage devices (hard disks, USBs). Software refers to programs that allow users to perform tasks, including operating systems like Windows and applications such as Microsoft Office. This guide provides an overview of these components and how they interact to operate a personal computer effectively.

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Understanding Computers: Hardware, Software, and Their Functions

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  1. What’s the computer?? • computer is an electronic device that stores, processes, inputs, and outputs data to produce a result

  2. Computer Components • It will be divided to…… Hardware Software

  3. Computer Hardware Software ( Physical (Programs) components ) Input Output Operating Processing Applications Devices devices systems Introduction

  4. First: Hardware • Hardware is the physical components which you can see with your eyes, touch with your hand

  5. Hardware: can be divided to…. Input Processing Output

  6. Hardware • Input : keyboard, mouse • Processing • C.P.U • Brain of computer • Its speed measured in hertz • Memory : Computer has 2 memories • RAM: Random Access Memory • ROM: Read Only Memory • Storage Devices: • Internal storage device: hard disk. • External storage device: Flash Memory-floppy disk- CD Rom- DVD.

  7. Second: Software • Software is the programs it can be divided to……….. Operating systems Applications

  8. Operating Systems • First Program to load. • Controls Hardware And software. • Enable User to operate PC( Personal Computer) • Examples: • DOS: Disk Operating System • Windows: It’s a GUI (Graphical User Interface) System • GUI: is a system that uses graphics( icons, windows, mouse, pointer, colors) to operate pc. • Linux • Unix • Mac: Macintosh

  9. Applications • Programs that perform a specific tasks such as……. • Antivirus • Windows Media Player • Microsoft office: • Word • Excel • Power point • Access

  10. Windows Operating System • Windows Interface (1) Background (2) Icons (3)Taskbar

  11. Desktop Icons • There are 5 main icons: • My documents • My computer • My Network places • Internet Explorer • Recycle Bin

  12. 1- Desktop (Display) Properties • Is used to change Background, Screen saver, Screen resolution. • Right Click on desktop →Properties

  13. DialogBox Title bar 1-Right click on Desktop Tabs

  14. 1-Background From display properties select desktop tab Chooses Background Ok

  15. 2- Screen saver Choose screen saver Set Time Then press ok

  16. settings • From settings you can change screen resolutions Drag this curser left and right Then press ok

  17. System Properties • Right click on my computer → properties • From this Dialog box you can find out: 1-Type of operating system 2-Type of the processor (C.P.U) 3-Speed Of Processor 4-Size of RAM

  18. Window Bars Title Bar Menu Bar Standard Button Bar Address Bar Task Pane Scroll Bar Status Bar

  19. Title bar buttons

  20. Explorer Window • You can get this window by: • Right click on the icon → explorer • Select the [Folders] icon on the toolbar • It contains two sides: • left hand pane (Folders pane) contains a ‘folders tree’, Showing how the drives and folders linked together. • right hand pane (Contents pane) shows the folders and files contained in the drive or folder currently selected in the Folders pane

  21. Folders pane (Left pane) Contents pane (Right pane)

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