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Control of Cell Division. Controlled by proteins. Cell Cycle. checkpoints. G 1 checkpoint -If cell is healthy and the correct size, proteins trigger DNA synthesis (otherwise cell rests or never divides again G 0 )
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Control of Cell Division Controlled by proteins
checkpoints • G1 checkpoint-If cell is healthy and the correct size, proteins trigger DNA synthesis (otherwise cell rests or never divides again G0 ) • G2 checkpoint-DNArepair enzymes check the results of DNA replication from the S phase. If correct-proteins trigger mitosis • Mitosis checkpoint-proteins signal the cell to exit mitosis
Loss of control: Cancer • Regulatory proteins for the checkpoints are coded for by genes • If a gene mutates, proteins may not function properly • Loss of cell cycle checkpoint controls leads to cancer • Some mutations stimulate cell growth others interfere with the ability of control proteins to stop or slow the cell cycle • HeLa cells