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Important Geographical Features of Africa

Important Geographical Features of Africa. Mediterranean Sea. Nile River. Sahara Desert. Red Sea. African rainforest. Great Rift Valley. Indian Ocean. Atlantic Ocean. Kalahari Desert. Human Migration from the Great Rift Valley. Migration.

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Important Geographical Features of Africa

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  1. Important Geographical Features of Africa Mediterranean Sea Nile River Sahara Desert Red Sea African rainforest Great Rift Valley IndianOcean AtlanticOcean Kalahari Desert

  2. Human Migration from the Great Rift Valley

  3. Migration • Migration is the permanent movement of people from one place to another. • Push Pull Factors • Pull Factorsattract people to another location • Push Factorscause people to leave a region • What are some factors that have pushed people from their native regions? • What are some factors that have pulled people to the United States?

  4. African Trade Routes SALT GOLD

  5. Map showing the approximate distribution of Bantu vs. other Niger-Congo languages. Bantu Bantu-speaking people migrated south from modern day Nigeria throughout the southern half of Africa Today, nearly 1/3 of Africans speak a Bantu-based language. Bantu means “the people”

  6. Bantu Migration • Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

  7. Kingdom of Ghana • 700-1076 AD • Power from gold and salt trade • Moved away from Ghana because of invasions • Moved east looking for gold • Ghana’s rulers convert to Islam by the end of 11th century. Islam’s growth encouraged literacy. • In 1076 Ghana is conquered by the Almoravids, & loses its power. Ghana Empire at its greatest extent.

  8. Kingdom of Mali • Mali means “where the king lives” • 1235-1400 AD • Moved east looking for gold Mali empire at its greatest extent

  9. Kingdom of Mali • After fall of Ghana, Mali rises to power b/c of wealth in gold. • Sundiata becomes mansa(emperor) & conquers Ghana’s territory & other local trade cities - conquers in war but kingdom flourishes in peace. • Mansa Musa, a Muslim leader, came to power & expanded empire to twice it’s size. • Made hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca & built mosques. • Mansa divided Mali into provinces and assigned a governor to each, making rule more efficient & fair. • Timbuktu became Mali’s most important trading city. • Ibn Battuta, famous Muslim scholar, visited Mali. Mansa Musa holding a golden nugget.

  10. Sankore mosque Terracotta Archer figure and horseman figure from Mali (13th-15th century). Tuaregs were and still are an integral part of the salt trade across the Sahara

  11. Mosque of Djenne

  12. Kingdom of Songhai • Gold discovered farther east, causing people to migrate. • Songhai Empire established between 1400 & 1500 AD. • Two important rulers (both Muslim) • Sunni Ali – built empire through military conquest, ruled for 30 years. • Askia Muhammad – overthrew son of Sunni Ali who was not a faithful Muslim; ruled 37 years & set up a bureaucracy to govern the empire. Under him the empire thrived. • The Songhai fell to the Morrocans who had modern weapons • Ended 1,000 year period where African kingdoms ruled West Africa. The Songhai Empire at its greatest extent. The tomb of Askia

  13. Islam and Christianity in Africa • After Christianity spread through Roman empire it came to Africa & won many converts; eventually becomes the official religion of Aksum. (The reason there are millions of Christians in Ethiopia today.) • Between 632 - 750 AD Islamic invaders conquer much of north Africa. • Islam spreads through the rest of Africa by trade.

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