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Ancient India

Ancient India. Unit 4 – Ancient India 6 th Grade Social Studies. Himalayas. Geographic Setting. Subcontinent Monsoons Hindu Kush Mountain Range. A large landmass that juts out from a continent Surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, and Arabian Sea.

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Ancient India

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  1. Ancient India Unit 4 – Ancient India 6th Grade Social Studies

  2. Himalayas

  3. Geographic Setting Subcontinent • Monsoons • Hindu Kush Mountain Range • A large landmass that juts out from a continent • Surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean, and Arabian Sea. • Strong winds that blow across a region at certain times of the year. • Winter Monsoons – winds blow from the northeast, spreading dry air across the country. • Summer Monsoons - winds blow from the Indian Ocean, spreading moisture and rain across the country. • Serves as barriers and pathways through India. • Considered a highways for migration and invasion

  4. Geographic Setting • Himalayas • Rivers • Separates India from the rest of Asia • Over 1500 miles long and 5 miles high • Longest mtn. range in the world • Has two rivers that start in the mountains • The Ganges River • Flows into the Bay of Bengal • The Indus River • Empties into the Arabian Sea.

  5. Himalayas

  6. Rivers/Oceans

  7. Life in Indus River Valley • Indus River Valley • City-Planners • Mohenjo-Daro • Rich soil • Grew crops - wheat and other grains • Villages grew to become large cities • Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (located in Pakistan) • Mohenjo-Daro built above ground level to protect it from floods. • The highest point served as a Citadel or fortress. • Protected the city’s most important buildings. • Shops lined streets, carts full of grains, artisans make clothing and jewelry • Traders came from as far as Mesopotamia • Language, government, and religion unknown

  8. Pakistan

  9. New Culture Arises • Mysterious Decline • Aryan culture/life • Indus Valley farmers start to leave around 2000 BC. Why? • Climate change, earthquakes, flood?. • 2000-1500 BC people from north come into valley and gain power in area. • Called Aryans means noble or highborn • Aryans migrated (moved) form Asia to India • Horse drawn carriages gave them power • Local people adapt language and cultures. Mixed population. • Makes weapons out of iron. • Religious book called Vedas means knowledge.

  10. New Culture Arises • Social Classes • Aryans were divided into three social classes or Caste. • Brahnans (priests) • warriors/nobles, artisans, merchants • Farmers, laborers, servants • In 500 BC social class division. • Kids had to stay in parent’s social class. • System became more complicated over time • Still used in India today. • Not as strict

  11. Social Classes

  12. Hinduism Beginnings of Hinduism Brahman • Started over 3500 years ago. • Is a combination of many beliefs. • A major religion today with 850+ million followers • Has no single founder • Worships several gods, goddesses. • Spiritual power that lives in everything. Created Earth and everything on it. • Has no physical form • Born from a golden egg

  13. Important Gods Gods/ Goddesses Avatar • Vishu – The preserver • Is kind. Protects humans from disaster. • Visits earth using different forms. • Shiva – The destroyer. • Powerful. Makes creative and destructive things on earth. • Made from god Rudra “wielder of the thunderbolt.” • Shakti – mother goddess, Shiva’s wife. • Also kind and cruel. • The human or animal form that a Hindu god takes when he visits the earth.

  14. Teachings of Hinduism Upanishads Reincarna-tion • Means sitting near a teacher • One of the religious texts • Made of questions by students and answers by teacher. • Includes questions about how the universe was made . • Means rebirth of the soul • When you die, you are reborn into another living being. • Your actions in this life = fate in the next life. • Good is rewarded with higher position; bad behavior punished (may go to lower caste). • Perfect life: your soul is now one with Brahman (lives in everything). Brahman has no physical form.

  15. Teachings of Hinduism • Dharma • Ahimsa • Practices • BrainPOP | Diwali • Religious and moral duties of everyone. • Must obey to escape cycle of death/rebirth. • Means nonviolence. • Everyone is part Brahma, so be treated with respect. • Don’t eat meat and avoid harming living things. • Finding a path to “truth.” • Yoga – exercises with special breathing • helps free the soul from worries; • unites you with Brahman. s • Selfless deeds – helping poor • Hindus pray together in temples. Also privately at home to a personal god

  16. Hinduism History Beliefs Hinduism

  17. Beginnings of Buddhism • Teachings • Search for Under-standing • Prince Siddhartha Gautama gave up his wealth and family to help easy human suffering. • Led to beginnings of Buddhism • Started in 500 BC • To focus the mind inward in order to find spiritual awareness. • Gautama fasted and meditated under a fig tree and found the answer to suffering. • He traveled across India for 45 years to share his knowledge. • He attracted followers that called him Buddha • Means the “Enlightened One”

  18. Buddha Stone Statue of Buddha One of the earliest known representations of the Buddha

  19. Buddhism The Middle Way Release from re-incarnation • Eightfold Path (AKA Middle Way) • Avoid extreme pleasure or extreme happiness • Believes that selfish pleasure causes human suffering • If path is followed then human suffering will end. • Eightfold Path • Tell the truth all the time • Act unselfishly towards others and treat people fairly. • Avoid violence and killing of living things. • Believed that suffering will end if a person correctly follows the path • Will find nirvana or lasting peace • Will be released from the cycle of reincarnation

  20. Eightfold Path 8 Steps Right Understanding – Having faith in Buddhist views Right Intention- commitment to practice Buddhism Right Speech – Avoid lies and abusive speech Right Action – no taking life, stealing, or hurting others Right Livelihood – reject jobs that conflict with Buddhism Right Efforts – avoid bad attitudes Right Mindfulness – be aware of own body, feelings, and thoughts Right Concentration – thinking deeply to find answers

  21. Followers of Buddhism • Followers Inside/Outside of India • Teaches all people are equal • Anyone can follow Nirvana regardless of social class • Priest and Monks can be from any social class. • Were encouraged to establish monasteries (places to meditate). • Urged Monks to become missionaries (person who spreads religious beliefs to others). • After Buddha’s death – Buddhism died out in India • Today Buddhism is practiced in Japan, Korea, China, Tibet, and Vietnam

  22. Buddhism/Hinduism • Shared Beliefs • Hinduism and Buddhism have many shared beliefs. • Wrong to harm other creatures. • Believe in non-violence and Dharma • Believe in rebirths. • .

  23. Beginning of Buddhism Gautama, a prince, witnesses old age, sickness, and death for the first time.

  24. The Maurya Empire • Beginnings • Rise of Empire • New ruler in NE India around 521 BC • This tiny kingdom grew into Mauryan Empire within 35 years. • Founded by Chandragupta Maurya . • He was born to a poor family. • Was a slave at a young age. • When he became King, he was very wealthy and showed it. • India was a bunch of small warring states. • Maurya’s warriors overthrew all these small kingdoms to create his empire. • It didn’t take long for the empire to cover most of Northern and Central India.

  25. The Maurya Empire • His Rule • Chandragupta believed and wanted “absolute power.” • He had a huge army – both on foot and mounted soldiers with a herd of 9,000 war elephants. • The enemy feared him. • His empire was wealthy – mainly because of farming. Also built trade with Greece, Rome and China • Chandraguptra was worried of being poisoned or being murdered. • At the end of his life he left his throne to his son and decided to become a monk. • After fasting and praying, he starved himself to death..

  26. The Maurya Empire • His Legacy • Asoka’s Leadership • Chandragupta’s rule was ruthless and harsh, but he spent the wealth improving • irrigation systems. • clearing forests for farmland. • trade • In 273 BC, Asoka, Chandragupta’s grandson, took rule. • Asoka means “without sorrow.” • Under his rule he grew the largest empire ever by 232 BC when Asoka’s rule ended.

  27. The Maurya Empire • Battle of Kalings • Asoka ruled for about 35 years. • He was just as ruthless as his grandfather. • Led army south to Kalinga. In 261 BC there was a horribly bloody battle that he won • Asoka “filled with sorrow” about the slaughter/bloodshed. • Gave up war and violence, freed prisoners and gave them their land back. • Converted (change his beliefs) to Buddhism and spread that message across India.

  28. The Maurya Empire • Buddhist Ruler • Outside India • Asoka gave up wars and hunting. Felt the people were “his children” • Built hospitals, dug wells all along roads for thirsty travelers. • Issued moral advice to people. Encouraged truthfulness, honor, tolerance (freedom from prejudice) and made sure people were treated well. • He issued laws requiring people be treated humanely • Asoka sent out Buddhist missionaries to different countries • this is how it spread to China, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Greece and North Africa. • After Asoka died, the Mauryan Empire started to collapse and became divided again. • It took about 600 years before it as reunited again.

  29. Buddhism/Hinduism Buddhism Hinduism

  30. Double Bubble Buddhism Hinduism

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