Chapter 9

1. Chapter 9 Problems of Overpopulation The “Numbers Game”

2. From 7.0 – 3.2 • The change in the total fertility rate among women in Egypt since 1965 • - Egypt established a National Family Planning Program in 1965 • 57% • The percentage of married Egyptian women using modern contraception

3. 81% • Percentage of world population living in less developed countries • Developing countries have the largest rates of population increase and often have the fewest resources to support their growing numbers.

4. 800,000,000+ • The number of people worldwide who do not get enough food to thrive • 86 • The number of countries that are low income and food-deficient

5. 5 – 10% • Percentage of the world’s hungry due to famine • 90 – 95% • Percentage of chronically hungry people in the world

6. 186 million • The number of children between the ages of 5 and 14 work ( most in developing nations ) • $2.44 trillion • 2004 amount owed by developing nations to developed nations, foreign banks and multilateral institutions

7. 4 • Four biggest killers of children are • Diarrhea • Acute respiratory illness • Malaria • Measles • U.S. Academy of Sciences states that if population growth continues, much of the world will experience irreversible environmental degradation and continued poverty • Chronic hunger saps strength and weakens the immune system

8. 50% • Percentage of women using family planning services to limit family size • That number was only 10% in 1960 • 90% of the decrease in fertility in 31 developing countries was a direct result of increased knowledge and availability of contraceptives

9. 78 • The number of countries whose governments have formulated policies to limit population growth • 1.3 billion • Population of China in 2004 • The one-child family policy dropped the fertility rate from 5.8 in 1970 to 2.1 in 1981. The disproportionate number of males versus females comes from cultural status of males and possibility of aborting the female fetus

10. 1976 • Aggressive population control in India begins • Men with three or more offspring are compelled to have vasectomy • Compulsory sterilization was a failure and may have led to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi being voted out of office in 1977. • Today educational programs and advertising try to reach young couples about family planning. TFR has declined from 5.3 in 1980 to 3.1 in 2004.

11. 35% • Percentage of population in Mexico who are less than 15 years old • Tremendous potential for population growth • Began measures to limit population growth in 1974 with education, family planning, health care and now television and radio shows with the message that “small families live better”.

12. 44% • Percentage of population in Nigeria below 15 years old • 8% • Percentage of married women using contraceptives • They have a national population policy integrating development and population projects. Encourages later marriages and birth spacing.

13. 180 • Number of countries that approved a 20-year world program of action on population control • Individual reproductive rights • Empowerment of women • Reproductive health • Responsibilities of men in family planning and raising children • Violence against women • Prenatal sex selection • Unsafe abortions • Female genital mutilation

14. Achieving Population stabilization • Developing countries should increase funding to public health and family planning services • Governments should take steps to increase the level of education, especially women • Women must be given more employment opportunities • National Population Policies must have cultural awareness, respect for religion, local community involvement and acceptance • Provide funds to the U.N. Fund for Population Activities ( research for new birth control methods, family planning methods, projects for people in developing countries ) • Develop policies to reduce the use of resources, increase reuse and recycling of materials • Voluntary Simplicity – individual efforts to reduce material consumption ( desire less of what money can buy )