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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Compare and contrast the four groups of organic molecules in terms of their structure and functions. Recognize the monomers of each group of organic molecules. Learning Targets:. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

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Carbohydrates

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  1. Carbohydrates

  2. Compare and contrast the four groups of organic molecules in terms of their structure and functions. Recognize the monomers of each group of organic molecules. Learning Targets:

  3. Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. • There are 2 hydrogen for every 1 oxygen. (2H:1O) • Main function: primary energy source for organisms. • Food, fuel • Carbohydrates also give plants, some animals, and other organisms structure

  4. Carbohydrates: • The breakdown of sugars, such as glucose, supplies energy for cell activity. • Many living things store extra sugar as a carbohydrate called starch. • Three types of carbohydrates: • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • polysaccharides MONOMERS!

  5. Monosaccharides: • Single sugar molecules are called both monosaccharides and simple sugars. • “mono” = one • “Saccharide” = sugar • All are C6H12O6. • Your body uses monosaccharides for “quick” energy.

  6. Monosaccharides: • Examples: • Galactose (found in milk) • Fructose (fruits)

  7. Disaccharide: • Double sugars • “Di” = two • “Saccharide” = sugar • 2 monosaccharides joined together. • All are C12H22O11 Glucose Fructose SUCROSE Glucose Glucose Galactose Glucose MALTOSE LACTOSE

  8. Polysaccharides: • Complex sugars • “Poly”= many • “Saccharide” = sugar • 3 or more monosaccharides joined together. • Usually thousands of simple sugars long • Used for stored energy.

  9. Examples of Polysaccharides Starch: carbohydrate storage in plants (usually in the roots). Glycogen: • Animal starch • Storage of excess carbohydrates • Found in muscle and liver • Cellulose: • Structural material in plant cell walls • Major component of wood

  10. What are the three types of carbohydrates?

  11. Mono+ Mono= Disaccharide + H2O glucose + glucose = Maltose + H2O Glycosidic Bond + H2O Maltose

  12. glucose + galactose = Lactose + H2O + H2O Lactose

  13. glucose + fructose = Sucrose + H2O + H2O Sucrose

  14. Review! Which chemical process involves the addition of water to help break down a molecule? Which chemical process removes water to build polymers? What are our four major classes of organic compounds? What is an isomer? Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are all examples of which type of molecule?

  15. Carbohydrate Lab • What are the building blocks (monomers) of carbohydrates? • What are the main functions of carbohydrates in our bodies and cells? • What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides? • How are large polymers such as carbohydrates broken down into smaller sugars? • How are monomers of carbohydrates able to connect to create polysaccharides?

  16. Carbohydrate Lab • What does this represent? • Where could you find this in nature? • What process was used to put this together? • In order to build the substance above what needs to happen? • What does each “H” represent? • What is the common name for this substance?

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