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This lesson focuses on Augustus Caesar's significant accomplishments, including military conquests, administrative reforms, and the establishment of the Pax Romana. Students will analyze why Augustus was a successful leader and how he earned the support of the Senate and Roman people. Comparisons will be drawn between Augustus and Julius Caesar, highlighting their similar rises to power during political turmoil. Through this analysis, we will explore the implications of their leadership on Roman society and the lasting impact of their reigns.
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Do Now • Take out your “Deeds of Augustus” reading • take out a sheet of paper
The Deeds of Augustus • List five of Augustus’s accomplishments • According to the information in this document, why was Augustus Caesar a successful leader/ruler? • In light of his account, why was he able to come to power? • Why did the people of the Senate and of Rome like Augustus? • How does Augustus' rise to power compare with that of Julius Caesar? What are the similarities? • Both Augustus and Julius Caesar obtained their positions during times of political hardship and uncertainty. What does this fact indicate about Roman society?
PaxRomana • Definition – time of Roman peace • Lasted about 200 years • Started with Octavian
Accomplishments of Augustus • Permanent, professional army – 150,000 men • Praetorian Guard – guarded emperor • Conquered Spain, Gaul, Austria, Romania, Hungary, and Bulgaria • Appointed a governor of each province
Accomplishments of Augustus • Tax system reform – tax collectors were not permanent government officials • Legal reform – set of laws for people who were not citizens • Authority of government over the rights of the individual • Defeated the pirates • Paid into the treasury • Held gladiator shows including naval battles
Task • Read about each leader and list their accomplishments on a separate sheet of paper. • Leave room for notes about some of the events • Number of Accomplishments: • Nero – 4 (list 5 bad things for Nero) • Trajan – 9 • Hadrian – 6
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY More on Jackson’s reign
Nullification • Definition – states can make a law void and cancel it • Answers to the worksheet: • Congress raised the tariff • Calhoun’s argument – state’s rights. • Constitution was an agreement of the states • If a state didn’t agree with a law they should be allowed to nullify it
Nullification continued • Webster’s argument – nation was made by the people not the states • if one state chose not to abide by it, it would be hectic (unorganized) 4. Jackson did not support Calhoun 5. SC held a special convention to try to nullify the tariff. They also threaten to leave
Nullification continued • Jackson threatened to send 50,000 to SC if they did not follow the law • Called for a gradual lowering of the tariff • He wanted to force SC to back down • Felt they were “encouraged by their success”
Bank Wars • 1832 – the government tries to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the US • First expired in 1811 • Charter - a written grant by a country by which an institution is created and its rights and privileges defined • (PUT THE DEFINITION INTO YOUR OWN WORDS)
Bank wars • Jackson doesn’t like this • Veto • Deposits are made into 23 different state banks • Nicholas Biddle – president of the bank • Calls in loans and any credit to attempt to start a crisis • Backfired on him • Charter expires in 1836 • Jackson wins
