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Evaluating Exercise Interventions in Community-Dwelling Seniors: A Study Overview

This study investigates the effectiveness of different exercise interventions for community-dwelling seniors aged 60 and above. Participants underwent medical screening and were required to complete consent forms. Exclusion criteria included severe cardiovascular or joint issues, terminal illness, and cognitive impairments. The study involved random assignment to one of four groups: cardiovascular training, resistance training, a combination of both, or a control group. Various measures, including VO2 max and strength assessments, were taken before, immediately after, and five weeks post-intervention to evaluate outcomes.

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Evaluating Exercise Interventions in Community-Dwelling Seniors: A Study Overview

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  1. Methods • Inclusion Criteria • 60 years of age • Community dwelling • Willingness to participate • Prior medical screening • Completion of survey & consent forms

  2. Enlarging or non-operable AA Ventricular arrhythmias Aortic stenosis (severe) End-stage CHF Behavioral agitation exacerbated by exercise Severe dyspnea Abnormal EKG or hemodynamic response associated with exercise Contraindicated ejection fraction Popliteal cyst Uncontrolled arrhythmia Resting HR >120 BPM Resting BP >200/115 mmHg Retinal hemorrhage Recent eye surgery Fever or infection BG <80 mg/dL or >250 mg/dL Unstable angina Resting RR >30 BPM Fracture Severe joint instability Methods Exclusion Criteria: contraindications to resistance training

  3. Methods • Exclusion Criteria • Joint problems or pain precluding participation • Acute or terminal illness • Moderate to severe cognitive impairments • Unstable or ongoing cardiovascular or respiratory issues • Neurological or musculoskeletal impairment • Inability to commit to time of study • Use of medication interfering with participation and safety • Inability to attain testing positions

  4. Methods • Survey & Consent Forms • Short From (36) Health Survey (SF-36) • Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) • Activities Based Confidence (ABC) Scale • Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) • Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) • Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Questionnaire

  5. Methods-Strength • Random Assignment • 1 of 4 groups • Cardiovascular training (CVT) • Resistance training (RT) • Combination CVT & RT (COMBO) • Control (CONRTOL)

  6. Methods-Strength • Testing • Before intervention • 0-3 days post-intervention • 5 weeks post-intervention

  7. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • VO2max • Astrand Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test • 50 RPM, 6-minutes • Pulse rate last 10 seconds of final 2 minutes • Nomogram to predict VO2max • Age adjusted

  8. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • Hand Held Dynamometry (HHD) • 1RM • Hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, abdominals, paraspinals • Measurement at muscle weakest point per length tension curve • 2 trials, 3 second hold, 15-30 second rest between

  9. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • 5 Time Sit to Stand • Arms across chest • Timed • Command “Go” • Time ended when back touched chair

  10. Methods-Strength • RT Group • n = 21 • 1st session • 2x8 repetitions, 60% 1RM - to learn correct technique • Remaining 8 weeks • 3x8 repetitions, 80% 1RM, 2x/week • Concentric <1 second • Eccentric 2-3 seconds • Exercise Sequence • Paraspinals, R hip ABD, PF, L hip ABD, knee extensors, R hip extensors, DF, L hip extensors, abdominals • 1RM recalculated at 4-weeks • Lander’s Prediction Equation • Participants encouraged to perform exercises 1 additional day/week

  11. Methods-Strength • CVT Group • n = 21 • 2x/week, 8-weeks • Stationary Bike or Treadmill • 10-minute warm-up • Exercise 30-minutes, 65-75% Hrmax • Encouraged to complete continuously, allowed breaks as needed • 5-minute cool down • HR, BP, and RPE recorded every 3-5 minutes • Participants encouraged to perform CVT outside of intervention whenever possible

  12. Methods-Strength • COMBO Group • n = 21 • RT 1x/week • CVT 1x/week • Participants encouraged to perform CVT and RT exercise minimum of 1 additional day/week outside of intervention • No RT for 2 consecutive days • CONTROL group • n = 21 • Maintain usual activity for 8-weeks

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