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Overview of Western Europe's Middle Ages: Society, Warfare, and the Impact of the Plague

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7 diapositives · 208 Views · Aug 06, 2014

This chapter delves into the complexities of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, exploring key themes such as feudalism, the status of women, and the challenges faced by Jewish communities. It highlights the constant warfare among lords, the self-sufficient manor economy, and the role of the Church in education and the arts. Additionally, it discusses how the Crusades and the bubonic plague profoundly impacted society, leading to significant changes in labor dynamics and a quest for knowledge, ultimately altering European life for centuries.

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  1. Chapter 29 Test on Monday • Homework for tonight: Section 3 Review questions #1-5 on p. 656. Complete in notebook.

  2. Western Europe in the Middle Ages Chap. 29, Sect. 3 - Summary

  3. Middle Ages • Feudalism (continued) • Status of women • Women were subordinate to men. • Women could inherit land. • Women might watch the fief while husband was away. • Jewish communities • Jews faced discrimination and persecution. • Forbidden to own land; banned from certain professions. • Scapegoats when natural disasters struck. • Made important contributions to learning. • Feudal warfare • Warfare was constant as lords battle for power. • For protection, they built castles around the land where everyone took refuge. • As monarchs gained power, feudal warfare diminished.

  4. Middle Ages • The Manor Economy • Manor: a village and the surrounding land administered by a lord. • Each manor was a self-sufficient community. • Each group had an important role in the community. • Peasant life • Life centered around the farming season. • Spent four days farming for their lord and two days farming for themselves. • Although they had a difficult life, they did have some enjoyment, such as weddings, festivals, music, singing and dancing. • New technologies • Crop rotation, plows, windmills • New technologies allowed peasants to support Europe’s growing population.

  5. Middle Ages • Role of the Church • Monasteries and convents • Many Christians joined religious orders. • Monks copied Greek and Roman manuscripts. • Nuns- furnished services for sick and poor, including hospitals. • Schools and universities • Church emphasized education • Seven typical subjects: grammar, rhetoric, arithmetic, logic, geometry, astronomy, music. • By late Middle Ages, Aristotle’s beliefs reached Western Europe. • Religion and the arts • Church was chief patron of the arts. • During 1100-1200’s, Gothic architecture developed. More elaborate, high ceilings, large windows.

  6. Middle Ages • Expanding Horizons • Charters were written documents that guaranteed rights to dwellers. • Growth of towns • Increased trade led to growth of towns. • Nobles and peasants traveled to towns to buy goods. • The Crusades • Christians took part in wars of expansion. • For 200 years, Christians left their homes to fight for lands in the Middle East. • Effects of the Crusades • Christian knights won control of lands in Syria and Palestine. • Crusades quickened the pace of change that was occurring in Europe. • Increased desire of Europeans to learn more about the world. • The Med. Sea brought the Black Death or bubonic plague.

  7. Middle Ages • “The End of the World” • Your textbook is wrong! Find out why. • “Ring around the Rosie” is NOT about the bubonic plague. • The bubonic plague struck W. Europe several times in Middle Ages. • Worst outbreak was during the mid-1300’s, as a result of increase in trade . • Flea-infested rats spread the disease. • Punishment for “our sins.” • In Genoa, sailors developed hideous dwellings and died quickly. • From Italy the black death spread all across western Europe. • Effects of the plague. • Plague weakened serfdom. Workers became scarce, so they could demand higher wages. • Europe didn’t recover from the plague for more than 100 years.