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High and Late Middle Ages

Explore the complex dynamics of the High and Late Middle Ages from 1050 to 1450, marked by feudalism, the centrality of the Church and nobles, and monarchs striving for power. Witness pivotal events such as William the Conqueror's invasion of England, the excommunication of King John, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the Papacy’s struggle with secular rulers. The era culminates in the Hundred Years' War and significant societal developments, including the Renaissance and the birth of new ideas that would reshape Europe.

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High and Late Middle Ages

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  1. High and Late Middle Ages 1050-1450

  2. Where it begins… • Feudalism is the way of life • Church & Nobles have a great deal of the power • Monarchs will attempt to take power back

  3. Who’s Next • King Edward dies • Harold vs. Duke William • Duke has Pope’s support • Invasion of England

  4. William The Conqueror • Monitors Castles • Allegiance of Vassals • Census- Domesday • Had to follow Customs • Jury System • William vs. Church • Thomas Beckett- Archbishop of Canterbury • Trend?

  5. King John • Son of Henry • Faced Phillip II of France, Pope Innocent III, and his own nobles • Lost to Phillip, Lost Anjou & Normandy • Lost to Pope- excommunicated • Lost to Nobles- Magna Carta

  6. Magna Carta • Rebellious Barons • Affirmed Feudal Rights • Legal rights- People/Church • Due Process & Habeas Corpus • Monarchy must obey law • Council before taxation

  7. Parliament • Evolved from councils • Unified England, How? • House of Nobles & House of Commons • Check’s who?

  8. Successful Monarchy of France • 987- Capetians take throne • Unbroken for 300 years • Effective Bureacracy • Taxes & Law • Gained Middle class backing

  9. Phillip II • Granted Charters • Standing Army • National Tax • Gained English lands in Anjou & Normandy • At time of death, most powerful ruler

  10. Philip IV • Ruthlessly extends royal power • Attempts taxes from clergy • Ignored rules and arrested clergy that did not pay • Clashed with Boniface VIII • Sends troops to seize Pope- dies • Papalcy moved to Avignon France- why?

  11. Louis IX • King & Saint • Justice & Chivalry • 2 Wars against Muslims, persecuted Jews & Heretics • Royal Courts • Officials to check on officials • Outlawed private wars-ends serfdom- significance?

  12. Estates General • Reps from 3 classes- clergy, nobles, townspeople • Difference from Parliament?

  13. Holy Roman Empire • After death what happened? • Duke Otto I - King of Germany • What is Germany? • Central & eastern Europe, parts of France & Italy • Bishops appointed to government • Helps Pope against rebellious nobles • Crowned- HRE • Emperors chose bishops, issue?

  14. Pope vs. HRE • Pope Gregory VII • Wants to separate from secular rulers • Banned Lay Investiture • Emperor Henry IV • Henry is exiled, Forgiven before new HRE • Henry invades Rome, exiles Pope • 1122- Concordat of Worms- Church picks Bishops

  15. Struggle for Italy • Frederick Barbarossa- tried for Northern Italy, defeated by the pope and Lombard League • Fredrick II- Clashed with Popes • HRE- fragmented in feudal states • Southern Italy & Sicily- upheaval • Spain, France, & Pope try to gain influence

  16. Height of Church Power • Innocent III - Claimed Papal Supremacy • Launched Crusade against French that wanted to purify church • Monarchs begin to centralize power, clash over clergy taxation • Phillip- helps get Pope elected, power of papacy declines

  17. Crusades Causes? Effects? Motives?

  18. Crusades • Holy Land • Pope Urban II • Crusades on Europe • Economic expansion • Increased Power of Monarchs • The Church • Wider World View

  19. Reconquista in Spain • Expel Muslims • 1300 Christians Control much of Iberian Peninsula except for Granada

  20. Ferdinand and Isabella • Drove Muslims from Granada- Spain unified • Under Muslims- Religious toleration • Isabella Ends toleration • Started the Inquisition

  21. Inquisition & Impact

  22. Literature, Learning & Arts

  23. Education • Academic Guilds • Student Life • Women and Education

  24. Europeans Acquire New Learning • Spread of Learning- Muslims • Philosophy • Science & Math

  25. Medieval Literature • Epics/Long narratives • Dante’s Divine Comedy • Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales

  26. Architecure & Art • Romanesque • Gothic • Illuminated Manuscripts

  27. Romanesque

  28. Gothic

  29. Illuminated Manuscripts

  30. Black Death

  31. Post-Plague Church • Many died during the plague • Tough spiritual church • Luxury- for Pope in Avignon • Caused a schism-1378-1417, ended with new pope from church council

  32. Hundred Years’ War • English vs. France • Longbow helped Britain. • Joan of Arc rallies France • French have cannon • Kings expand power • Parliament will have more power as well

  33. Ready to Change • Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration

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