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Heart

Elastic Arteries. Muscular Arteries. Arterioles. Heart. Capillaries. Venules. Veins. Blood Vessel - Anatomy:. Vessel Types :. 1) Arteries (away) 2) Capillaries 3) Veins (toward). Structure and function - arterial system. 1/3 Conducting The aorta & major branches Thickest

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Heart

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  1. Elastic Arteries Muscular Arteries Arterioles Heart Capillaries Venules Veins Blood Vessel - Anatomy: Vessel Types: 1) Arteries(away) 2) Capillaries 3) Veins(toward)

  2. Structure and function - arterial system. • 1/3 Conducting • The aorta & major branches • Thickest • Largest • Elastic tubes • Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis (thickening) = turbulent flow • Balloon or burst (aneurysm)

  3. Arterial System • 2/3 Distributing • Delivery to organs • More active constriction • Less distensible • Renal/urine - NFP • 3/3 Arterioles • Flow determined by arteriole diameter • Constricted = bypassed • Dilated = local flow

  4. Precapillary sphincter Cuff of smooth muscle fibers Open = flow Closed = shunt Capillary Flow Control

  5. Vein Valve: Venous System. • ↑ diameter • walls gradually ↔ • Venules→Veins • Larger lumens than corresponding arteries • Reservoirs • 65% body’s blood supply • VALVES for backflow • Most abundant in limbs - gravity

  6. Arteries Arterioles Arteries Capillaries Heart Veins Venules Blood Vessels: • Carry blood away from heart • Thick-walled: • Smooth muscle / elastic fibers • Withstand high pressure

  7. Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Heart Veins Venules Blood Vessels: Arterioles • Control distribution of blood flow • Smooth muscle expands / contracts • Under hormone / NS control

  8. Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Heart Veins Venules Blood Vessels: Capillaries • Nutrients / waste exchanged with cells: • Vessel wall one-cell thick • Blood flow very slow • Materials exit / enter via diffusion

  9. Arteries Arterioles Veins Capillaries Heart Veins Venules Blood Vessels: • Carry blood towards the heart • Thin-walled; large diameter • 65% blood volume in veins

  10. Arteries Arterioles Veins Capillaries Heart Veins Venules Blood Vessels: • Carry blood towards the heart • Thin-walled; large diameter • 65% blood volume in veins • Low pressure system • Blood return to heart assisted by: • 1) Valves • 2) Skeletal muscle pumps

  11. Blood Vessels • Major arteries. • Aorta • Ascending, arch, thoracic, abdominal • Brachiocephalic • Ext. & Int. carotid • Pulmonary • Axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar • Femoral, post. tibial • Major veins • Superior VC • Ext. & int. jugular • Pulmonary • Brachiocephalics • Internal & external iliac • Femoral..

  12. Myocardial Infarction:: • Prolonged blockage • of coronary vessels Heart - Flow Through Heart:

  13. Circuits of the Circulatory System:

  14. Major branches - coronary

  15. Coronary Vessels

  16. Step 1: Step 2: Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation • Depolarization wave initiated • by sinoatrial node (SA Node) • Impulse toatrioventricular node • (AV Node) where briefly delayed

  17. Step 3: Step 4: Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation • Impulse to atrioventricular • bundleand into bundle branches • Impulse spreads throughout • ventricles along Purkinje fibers

  18. Intrinsic Conduction System:

  19. Control of heart rate:

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