ITS Research Workshop U.S. DOT Perspective on Immediate Research Topics and Areas

1. ITS Research WorkshopU.S. DOT Perspective on Immediate Research Topics and Areas Joseph I. Peters, Ph.D. Director, Office of Operations R&D Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center U.S. Department of Transportation

2. Secretary LaHood’s Priorities Safety: Improve public health and safety by reducing transportation-related fatalities and injuries. Livability: Promote place-based policies that provide transportation choices and improve the quality of life for all Americans. State of Good Repair: Ensure the U.S. proactively maintains its critical transportation infrastructure. Economic Competitiveness: Foster transportation investments and policies that serve the traveling public and freight movement to bring lasting economic and social benefit to the Nation. Environmental Sustainability: Pursue transportation policies and investments that reduce carbon emissions and foster protection of critical watersheds and ecosystems.

3. U.S. DOT Strategic Plan https://dotstrategicplan.ideascale.com/a/panel.do?id=8329

4. U.S. DOT is Focused on Critical Transportation Issues • Safety • Distracted driving • High-speed rail • Alternative fuels • Livability • Sustainability • Nanotechnology • Land use planning • Connected vehicles • Next generation 9-1-1 • Traffic congestion • Innovative financing • Marine highways • Climate change

5. U.S. DOT RD&T Strategic Plan • Multimodal RD&T Planning Team working on strategic research plan • Received stakeholder input via Federal Register in January 2010 • Continuing to develop collaborative projects and programs • Look for draft plan this summer via Open.gov comment process similar to DOT stratetic plan • Continuing to solicit input from key stakeholders • Expert panel convening to review draft plan • Developing DOT research knowledge management system

6. Research Clusters Scientific Clusters • Infrastructure & Materials • Human Factors • Energy Sustainability • Risk-Based Analysis to Address Safety Issues • Data Driven Decision Making • Multimodal Intelligent Transportation Systems • Livability • Modeling and Simulation • Positioning, Navigation & Timing • Transportation Implications for an Aging Population and Those with Special Needs • System Resilience & Global Logistics • Policy Analysis • Travel Behavior • Economics Key Priorities • Safety • Livable Communities • State of Good Repair • Economic Competitiveness • Environmental Sustainability

7. Theme of Connectivity ITS Strategic Plan – Process • Planning started in early 2008 • Inputs gathered from: • ITS Program Advisory Committee inputs • USDOT modal staff interviews • Stakeholder engagement (responded to a RFI) • Trend analysis: • Transportation • World • Technology

8. Ramp Metering Transit Information IVBSS MSAA VII - POC CV Electronic Credentialing Transportation Management Centers NG911 Deployment Demonstration/Deployment ITS Strategic Plan – Process The Universe of ITS Traditional ITS Technologies Major ITS Initiatives Research ?? ICM

9. ITS Strategic Plan – Stakeholder Comments • Focus the program • Have an overarching direction • Be vocal • Put forward a vision • Engage the community • Technology is outpacing government research • Change the game to leverage private sector innovation

10. ITS Strategic Plan – Noteworthy Trends in Transportation • Stagnant safety statistics • Growing congestion • Growing interest in transit • Growing environmental awareness • Emphasis on performance measurement & management • Troubled transportation financing • Road pricing and financing alternatives • Transportation impacts lives

11. GPS Phones PNDs ITS Strategic Plan – Noteworthy Trends in Technology • Expectation for information • Ubiquitous connectivity • Person-to-person networking • Wireless technology boom • Strong consumer market • Fast pace of innovation Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc.

12. ICM Ramp Metering Drivers Transit Information IVBSS MSAA Infrastructure Vehicles VII - POC CV Electronic Credentialing Transportation Management Centers Wireless Devices NG911 Deployment Demonstration/Deployment ITS Strategic Plan – Past, Present and Future The Universe of ITS Major ITS Initiatives Traditional ITS Technologies Research Wireless Connectivity

13. ITS Strategic Plan – Vision A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility and environmental performance Achieved Through …and a suite of targeted research and development initiatives that support cross-modal ITS solutions

14. ITS Strategic Plan – Process • Senior ITS JPO and USDOT multi-modal staffs established vision, mission & goals: April 2009 • Multi-modal teams formed: April 2009 – May 2009 • Request for Information (RFI) & public workshop for stakeholder input: May 2009 – June 2009 • Draft ITS research proposals developed: May 2009 – June 2009 • Senior ITS JPO and USDOT multi-modal staffs reviewed & provided input (down scoped): June 2009 • ITS research proposals revised: July 2009 – August 2009 • Senior ITS JPO and USDOT Multi-modal staffs reviewed revised proposals: September 2009 – November 2009 • ITS Management Council concurrence: December 2009 • Proposed ITS Strategic Plan & Investment Approach

15. ITS Strategic Plan – Process Vision for 2010 ITS Strategic Plan A national, multi-modal surface transportation system that features a connected transportation environment among vehicles, the infrastructure, and portable devices to serve the public good by leveraging technology to maximize safety, mobility, and environmental performance. STRATEGIC INITIATIVES SAFETY MOBILITY ENVIRONMENT Goal: Transformative safety through vehicle and infrastructure connectivity Goal (1): Capture complete, real-time information on all roads and all modes to support transformational system performance. Goal (2): Achieve transformational transportation management and system performance through applications of vehicle and infrastructure connectivity. Goal (3): Realize “next generation” electronic payment systems that support transformational system performance. Goal: Enable environmental management through vehicle and infrastructure connectivity. Policy Foundation for Deployment Establish an institutional Foundation for deployment of safety, mobility and environmental applications based on vehicle and infrastructure connectivity

16. ITS Strategic Plan – RFI Input Summary • 38 responses • Predominantly in agreement with goals and objectives as stated in the RFI: • Priority for most respondents is active safety • Another priority is for large-scale testing and demonstrations as a means of launching adoption • Additionally, much interest in the mobility data capture area and the e-payment areas • Some common themes: • Bold, transformative vision is good, but the plan should provide an incremental approach that can focus and deliver solutions in 5 years • Consistent support for standards • Common reference to ITS as a tool for measuringsystem performance and enhancing it • Thoughts provided on new ways to expand partnerships and stakeholder engagement

17. ITS Strategic Plan – Proposal Review Criteria • Program proposal must support ITS Program goals and objectives • Focused on large, multi-modal research efforts of national importance • Federal role must be clear and justifiable • Expected to offer a positive, measurable return on investment • Must have champions committed to research success • Will be a market catalyst • Must show strong desire for joint funding so that resources can be leveraged for common purposes • Must deliver research results in 3-to-5 years, and must be implementable • Must address institutional, regulatory and policy issues as well as technology issues

18. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Strategic PlanIntelliDrive Primer

19. IntelliDriveSM is a suite of technologies and applications that use wireless communications to provide connectivity: With and between vehicles (of all types) Between vehicles and roadway infrastructure Between vehicles, infrastructure and wireless consumer devices What is IntelliDriveSM? Drivers Vehicles Infrastructure Wireless Devices

20. What Can IntelliDriveSMDo? • Livability & Mobility Benefits • Data-Rich Environment • Performance Management • Operations Efficiency • Traffic, Transit, Parking • Weather • V2I, I2V Interactivity (SPAT) • Safety Benefits • IntelliDriveSMcould potentially address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving unimpaired drivers • Reduce or eliminate crashes through: • Driver Advisories • Driver Warnings and • Vehicle Control • Environmental Benefits • Reduce Emissions • Save Fuel

21. PROBLEM 37,000 deaths/year (US 2008 data)1 5,800,000 crashes/year (US 2008 data)1 Direct economic cost of $230.6 Billion (US 2000 data)1 Leading causeof death for ages 4 to 34 (US 2006 data)1 Safety Benefits • GOAL • IntelliDriveSM safety applications are designed to increase drivers’ situational awareness and reduce or eliminate crashesthrough: • Driver Advisories • Driver Warnings and • Vehicle Control 1 National Highway Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA)

22. Safety Benefits Imagine: • Your vehicle can “see” vehicles you can’t see • Your vehicle knows roadway conditions that you can’t see • Your vehicle knows the speed and location of approaching vehicles

23. OPPORTUNITY IntelliDriveSM could potentially address 82% of the vehicle crash scenarios involving unimpaired drivers At full coverage and full effectiveness, IntelliDrive could save thousands of lives per year Safety Benefits • REAR-END • Forward Crash Warning • Adaptive Cruise Control • Brake Assist • Automatic Braking • OFF ROADWAY • Lane Departure Warning • Lane Keeping • Curve Speed Warning • Stability Control • CROSSING PATHS • Intersection Movement Assist • Stop Sign & Signal Violation Warnings • LANE CHANGE • Blind Spot Detection • Side Radar

24. PROBLEM Traffic congestion $87.2 billion annual drain on the U.S. economy1: 4.2 billion lost hours (one work week for every traveler)1 2.8 billion gallons of wasted fuel (three weeks worth of gas for every traveler)1 Livability & Mobility Benefits GOAL • To achieve transformational system performance of the surface transportation network through: • Capture of real time data from infrastructure and vehicles (cars, trucks, transit) • Development of applications supporting public agency transportation management 1 Texas Transportation Institute Urban Mobility Report, 2007 data

25. Livability & Mobility Benefits Imagine: • Managing your system if you knew where every vehicle (cars, trucks and transit) was in real time • Planning for your growth patterns when you can see the complete traffic patterns around development • Planning your travel if you knew real-time options on all roads, transit & parking along your route

26. OPPORTUNITY IntelliDriveSM can provide transportation agencieswith Dramatically improved quality and quantity of real-time transit, traffic and parking data Which would make it easier to manage transportation systems efficiently IntelliDriveSM can provide consumers Real-time info on modal options Real-time info for rerouting Livability & Mobility Benefits

27. PROBLEM 2,800,000 gallons of fuel wasted each year 22% CO2 emissions from vehicles Environmental Benefits GOAL • To reduce transportation’s impact on the environment through: • Capture of real time environmental data from vehicles • Development of applications supporting public agency transportation management

28. Environmental Benefits Imagine: • Managing your system for environmental and weather events if you knew specific information about the road & vehicles (cars, trucks, transit) Speed and Heading Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Hours of Operation Sun/Rain Sensor Windshield Wiper Setting Location and Elevation Head Lights Status Ambient Air Temperature Barometric Pressure Antilock Braking System (ABS) Traction Control Stability Control Brake Status

29. OPPORTUNITY IntelliDrive can provide transportation agencieswith Dramatically improved quality and quantity of real-time vehicle (cars, trucks, transit) and road condition data Which would make it easier to manage transportation systems efficiently for environmental benefit IntelliDriveSM can provide consumers: Real time info on environmental footprint Real time info for rerouting Environmental Benefits

30. IntelliDriveSM: Dedicated Spectrum • FCC allocated 5.9GHz for safety applications • Other applications can be accommodated • 5.9GHz put US in leadership role • Europe subsequently allocated 5.9GHz • Japan subsequently allocated 5.8GHz • Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) at 5.9GHz is required for critical safety applications • Other wireless technologies are options for other applications • Strong industry support for DSRC at 5.9GHz

31. Latency vs. Communications Technologies For IntelliDriveSM Two-Way Satellite (60+ secs) 60 40 20 Terrestrial Digital Radio & Satellite Digital Audio Radio (10 – 20 secs) 10 5.0 WiFi 802.11 (3 – 5 secs) 4.0 Bluetooth (3 – 4 secs) Latency (in seconds) 3.0 Cellular (1.5 – 3.5 secs) WiMax (1.5 – 3.5 secs) 2.0 Least stringent latency requirement for Active Safety ( 1 sec) 1.0 Most Stringent latency requirement for Active Safety (.02 sec) .02 .01 5.9 GHz DSRC (.0002 secs) Communications Technologies Note: Y-axis not to scale for illustration purposes Data source: Vehicle Safety Communications Project – Final Report

32. IntelliDriveSM: An Emerging Industry • Implementation will require investment beyond USDOT: • Automotive, Truck, Bus Industry • Radio Manufacturers • Chipset Manufacturers • Traffic Signal Equipment Manufacturers • Application Developers • State & Local Governments • Truck & Bus Operators • Toll Operators • Industry is looking for strong leadership from USDOT • Primary industry feedback is to move faster and invest sooner

33. ITS Strategic Plan – IntelliDriveSM General Framework Applications(Includes Field Tests and Demonstrations) Technology Underpinning Vision Policy & Non-Technical

34. ITS Strategic Plan – Critical Success Factors Effective Applications Interoperable Technology Sustainable Approach Publicly Acceptable

35. ITS Strategic Plan – Research Questions & Framework Are applications available and benefits validated? What is the minimum infrastructure needed for the greatest benefit? How much, where, when and what type? What is the degree of market penetration required for effectiveness? Is technology stable, reliable, secure, and interoperable? Are international standards available to ensure interoperability? What policies/governance/funding are required for sustainability? How to address public concerns for privacy and ensure that applications do not cause driver distraction? 77% Applications Technology 18% 5% Policy ALL MUST BE ANSWERED TO BE DEPLOYABLE