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Understanding ATP and Phosphoryltransfer Reactions in Enzyme Activity and Energy Storage

This text delves into the role of ATP and phosphoryltransfer reactions in various biochemical processes, highlighting the formation of the Mg–ATP complex and its energy storage capabilities. It explains ATP's significance in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and protein phosphorylation, as well as the mechanisms by which enzymes like protein kinases and glutamine synthase utilize ATP. Additionally, it covers the importance of methylcobalamin and B12 coenzyme in catalysis, particularly in isomerization and synthesis reactions.

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Understanding ATP and Phosphoryltransfer Reactions in Enzyme Activity and Energy Storage

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  1. Group transfer enzymes

  2. Group transferenzymes

  3. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions Possible structures of the Mg–ATP complex

  4. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions ATP4– + H2O = H+ + HPO42– + ADP3– rG0 = 30,5 kJ/mol (i) Storage of energy for later use (creatin →creatin-phosphate) (ii) change in the conformation of a protein to control enzyme activity or transport process or in order to perform work (iii) In order to cover the energy need of the various metabolic processes, etc.

  5. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions Na+,K+ pump R-COO- + Mg-ATP → R-C(O)-O-PO32- + Mg-ADP Phosphorylation of protein side chains R-XH + Mg-ATP → R-X-PO32- + Mg-ADP Glycolysis glucose + Mg-ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + Mg-ADP

  6. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate An example for the formation of ATP

  7. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions A possible mechanism of the protein kinases

  8. ATP and phosphoryltransferreactions A reaction catalysed by glutamine synthase

  9. ATP and phosporyltransferreactions NH3 Mechanism of glutamine syntethase

  10. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme Structure of methylcobalamin (X = CH3)

  11. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme (corrin)CoIII-CH3(corrin)CoIII + CH3– (corrin)CoIII-CH3(corrin)CoII + CH3● (corrin)CoIII-CH3(corrin)CoI + CH3+

  12. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme The reaction catalysed by homocystein-methyl-transferase

  13. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme General mechanism of the B12 coenzyme dependent isomerases and several representants

  14. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme General mechanism of the B12 coenzyme-dependent isomerase: B12 coenzyme (corrin)CoII + R-CH2+ B12 coenzyme (corrin)CoII + R-CH2+

  15. Methylcobalamin and B12coenzyme The (first step) product of the reactions catalysed by the B12 coenzyme- dependent dehydratases gives an aldehyde by spontanaous water liberation.

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