The Bottom Falls Out -- 1964-1980

1. The Bottom Falls Out -- 1964-1980

2. Vietnam to 1960 • France in Vietnam • Ho Chi Minh • 1950: Aid to France • Dien Bien Phu (1954) • Geneva Conference • SEATO (1954) • Ngo Dinh Diem’s Government

3. Kennedy and Vietnam • National Liberation Front (NLF) / Vietcong • Kennedy • Fall of Diem (Nov. 2, 1963)

5. Johnson and Vietnam • The Gulf of Tonkin Crisis • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Rolling Thunder (1965) • Escalation • Search and Destroy • Air Power • 1969: 543,000 troops • Hearts and Minds

6. Vietnam and Student Protests • First Anti-Vietnam March • Realist Critics • Student Movements • Mass Expansion

8. Radicalization of Protest • War with Administrations • Terrorists • Nonviolent Resistance • Democratic Opposition to the War

9. Youth Culture of the Sixties and Seventies • Counterculture • Folk --> Rock • Drugs and More Drugs • Communes and Sexuality • Gay Rights • Fade to Self-Indulgence

10. The Women’s Movement (I) • Depression Era • WWII • Post-War • President’s Commission on the Status of Women (1961) • 1964 Civil Rights Act

11. The Women’s Movement (II) • Literature • Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1953) • Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963) • Women’s Political Organizations • Women’s Equity Action League (1963) • National Organization for Women (1965) • Radical Feminism

12. The Urban Crisis • Perceptions • Strangulation by Suburbs • The Ghetto • High Taxes

13. Race Relations (Black) • Urban Race Riots • The Black Panther Party • Black Power Politics

14. Race Relations (Hispanic) • Counterculture • La Raza Unida (1972) • Cesar Chavez • Bilingualism

15. Race Relations (Indians) • Wheeler-Howard Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • National Congress of American Indians (WWII) • Government Support • AIM (1968) • Wounded Knee II (1973)

16. Suburban Triumph • Prosperity and Growth • Community College • Baker vs. Carr (1962) • School Busing

17. 1968: Chaos in America--The Tet Offensive (I) • January 29, 1968-February, 1968 • 50,000 US and SVA vs 85,000 NVA and Vietcong • 45,000 NVA and Vietcong killed, 6000 capture • US and SVA lose 4,324 killed, 16,063 wounded, and 598 missing. • Vietcong largely ceases to exist

18. 1968: Chaos in America--The Tet Offensive (II) • Aftermath: • A blow to morale • TV coverage • The Logic of War • My Lai (1968) • Vietnamization

19. 1968: Chaos in America--Eugene McCarthy’s Revolt • March 21--Close results in New Hampshire • March 24--RFK comes in • March 31--LBJ goes out • April 4--Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassinated. Riots in 60 cities • June 4--Sirhan Sirhan kills RFK • Hubert Humphrey nominated

20. 1968: Chaos in America-- The Election of 1968 • Richard Nixon’s Southern Strategy • George Wallace’s Hate / “Law and Order” Strategy • Nixon and Agnew: 31.78 million votes, 301 electoral (Nixon took 8 Southern States out of 15) • Humphrey and Muskie: 31.27 million votes, 191 electoral (Only 1 Southern State. Johnson had taken 10 in 1964.) • Wallace and LeMay: 9.9 million votes, 46 electoral (6 Southern States)

21. 1968 Election

23. Nixon and Foreign Policy • House of Cronies • Nixon Doctrine • SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) I • Latin America • Middle East • Nixon Goes to China • Detente

24. Nixon and Vietnam (I) • Goals • Avoid Appearance of Defeat • Build up South Vietnam: “Vietnamization” • Invasion of Cambodia (1970) • Khmer Rouge • December 1970--Gulf of Tonkin repealled • Prisoners of War?

26. Nixon and Vietnam (II) • December 1971: 100,000 out, 133,000 remain • April 1, 1972: New NV offensive • Negotiations • January 23, 1973: Peace settlement • 1975: Fall of Saigon

27. The Nixon Era: Domestic Programs • Apollo 11: July 20, 1969 • The Problems of the Cities--Ignored • “New Federalism” • Welfare Reform

28. The Nixon Era: Economic Weakness • “Demand-Pull Inflation” • Off the Gold Standard • Cost-Push Inflation • Conservation and Energy Efficiency • Stagflation

29. The Nixon Era: Domestic Arena II • Supreme Court--2 appointments • Supreme Court--Burger Court • Regulation • The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) • Wage and Price Freeze (August 15, 1971)

30. 1972 Election • Nixon Runs Left • George McGovern’s Coalition • Watergate Breakin • The Results • Nixon/Agnew: 47.168 million (520 electoral) • McGovern/Shriver: 29.1 million (17 Electoral votes)

31. The Criminal Presidency I • A Culture of Criminality • The Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) • Watergate • The Trial • The Accusation: March 1973 • John Dean Confesses

32. The Criminal Presidency II • Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox • The Tapes vs Executive Privilege • VP Spiro Agnew Resigns • The Saturday Night Massacre • “I am Not a Crook”--November 17, 1973 • The Tapes Censored • The IRS • The Watergate Tapes

34. The Criminal Presidency III • Impeachment • Supreme Court -- July 24, 1974 • The Smoking Gun--June 23, 1972 Tape • August 8, 1974--Nixon Resigns

36. Gerald Ford, 1974-7: A Mediocre Presidency • August 9, 1974 • Less Imperial • Fall of Vietnam • Cambodia and Pol Pot • Refugees to the US

37. Economic Woes • Stagflation • Unemployment: 5.8-11%, Inflation: 6 to 13%. • The Energy Crisis • Prelude • Kissinger and the 1973 War • Oil Embargos • Gas from $3 to $12 a barrel

38. Jimmy Carter, 1977-81

39. The Carter Years, Unsuccessful Idealism, 1977-81 • Jimmy Carter vs. Ford • Carter: 40.8 million (297 EV) • Ford: 39.1 million (240 EV) • Simplicity • Economic Troubles: • Inflation hit 13%, the Fed tightened Credit, Interest Rates hit 15% by 1979.

40. Carter’s Struggle • Energy Plan • Industrial City Meltdown • Corporatization of Agriculture • Human Rights • Deregulation • Airlines: 1978 • Trucking and Rail: 1980 • Banking Industry

41. Carter Abroad: Success • Salt II (1979) • Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan • Sadat and Begin • Camp David Peace Accords (1978)

42. The Bottom Falls Out • The Iran Crisis (1979-81) • Khomeni • Hostage Crisis • Failed Rescue • Release • Oil Crisis: 16$ a barrel to 36$ a barrel in 1981 • The Bottom Falls Out