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Chapter 8: Creating a Nation

Chapter 8: Creating a Nation. The Bill of Rights (Dec 10, 1791). Freedom of speech Right to bear arms Protection from quartering Unreasonable search/seizure Due process Rights of the accused Trial by jury Unusual punishment Protection of non-BOR rights Power of states/people.

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Chapter 8: Creating a Nation

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  1. Chapter 8: Creating a Nation

  2. The Bill of Rights (Dec 10, 1791) • Freedom of speech • Right to bear arms • Protection from quartering • Unreasonable search/seizure • Due process • Rights of the accused • Trial by jury • Unusual punishment • Protection of non-BOR rights • Power of states/people

  3. The People Divide • Jeffersonian Republicans • Federalists • Alexander Hamilton (Treasury) • Domestic manufactures • Government / Entrepreneur alliance • Conservative distrust of the masses • “1st Report on Public Credit” • Funding war debt (govt. bonds) – DEBATE! • Assumption of war debt – DEBATE! • DEAL – Southern capital • Pennsylvania Abolition Society • Congress had “no authority to interfere”

  4. The People Divide • Hamilton introduces BANK • Opposition from South • Jefferson • Unconstitutional • Pro-North • Implied powers? • “2nd Report on Public Credit” • Whiskey tax

  5. Jay’s Controversial Treaty (1795) • Britain promises w/d western forts • Britain promises US access to WI • Complaints! • South = lost slave compensation • West = Brits didn’t actually evacuate • Merchant/Sailor = impressment • Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795) • Thomas Pinckney • Mississippi River boundary/navigation

  6. The Election of 1796 • Discord in Washington’s cabinet • Jefferson and Madison • Washington’s farewell • Political divisions, entangling alliances • Adams (Federalist) • National government • Anti-French (excessive democracy) • Jefferson (Jeffersonian Republican) • Strict constitutionalist • States’ rights • Results: Adams (71); Adams (68)

  7. The War Crisis with France • French obstruction in Caribbean • Negotiations • Agents X, Y, Z • Loan / bribe • Federalists urge war • War preparations • Repeal of treaty of 1778 • Adams’ ambiguities • Adams chooses peace • Controversial

  8. The Alien and Sedition Acts • Naturalization Act (1798) • Residence: 5 to 14 years • Alien Act (1798) • Presidential expulsion of aliens • Alien Enemies Act (1798) • Arrest, imprison, banish w/o process • Sedition Act (1798) • Timothy Pickering (S of S) • Launched investigations (witch hunt)

  9. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Kentucky Resolution • Fed violation of Bill of Rights • “Nullification” • Virginia Resolution • Madison • “Duty bound to interpose for arresting the progress of evil” • Civil war?

  10. The “Revolution of 1800” • “Republicanism or aristocracy” • Federalists: Adams • Jeffersonians: Jefferson & Aaron Burr • Results • Jefferson (73), Burr (73) • 36 ballots to decide winner • 12th Amendment • Jeffersonians’ in congress • Regionalism • “Peaceful transition of government”

  11. The Jeffersonians Take Control • Washington, D.C. (Nov 1800) • Pierre L’Enfant & Benjamin Banneker • Jefferson’s inauguration • “Equal and exact justice to all” • Support of the states • Majority rule • Civil supremacy (over military) • Reduction of govt. expenditures • Freedom of press • Habeas corpus

  12. The Jeffersonian Vision • Independent, yeoman farmer • Self-reliant • Industrious • Public consciousness • Contradictions? • Industry = wealth • Wealth = inequality • Solution = territorial expansion

  13. The Windfall Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Livingston & Monroe • Napoleon • $15 million • 830,000 miles2 • Controversy • Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) • Spain ceded East Florida • Lewis & Clark • 1803-1805 • Zebulon Pike

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