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January 21 st , 2014. Good Afternoon! . Today’s Work Period Opening Activity. List several people who were known historically for non-violence and violent protest. What is nationalism?. What is Nationalism?.
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January 21st, 2014 Good Afternoon!
Today’s Work Period Opening Activity List several people who were known historically for non-violence and violent protest.
What is Nationalism? Nationalism is the belief that people should be loyal to those with whom they share common history, customs, origins and sometimes language or religion. PRIDE!!
Today you will need PAPER! Take brief notes as we learn about the changes that took place in Asia from the independence of India and Vietnam to the attack on Japan and the influences of Gandhi and Mao Zedong. TIRED YET?? TOO BAD..LOL :)
India's Fight for Independence Feeling of nationalism began 1800's; wanted out of British rule.They were treated as 2nd class citizens. As a result, the INC was formed (Indian National Congress)and the Muslim League. INC attracted Indians & Muslim League attracted followers of Islam. Both created for fair treatment of the Indians and Muslims. However, the British, WERE NOT HAVING IT!
What had happened was... During WWI, millions of Indians joined forces with British, in HOPES that their service would be rewarded with more control of their government. But after the war, the Europeans LIED! Indians were still treated as 2nd class citizens, and as a result, some protested and unfortunately, they were arrested under the Rowlatt Act (this act gave British the power to send Indians to jail for 2 years w/o trial) The RESULT! BOOM! BLOODY MASSACRE! Over 400 people were killed when the British authorities open fire on a large gathering of Indians.
Along came a savior...by the name of Mohandas Gandhi. Following the slaughter at Amristar, he began to urge Indians to refuse to cooperate with the British laws they felt were unjust. He urged that they not protest violently but what he called CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. (non-violent refusal to obey an unfair law)
And then... 1935, the British government GAVE UP! The Government Of India Act was passed that gave India some self-government. Great Britain offered India DOMINION (control or the exercise of control)
WRONG!!! What happened next the British never took into consideration. British granted Indian their independence, however, at the time there were TWO TYPES of ethnic groups residing in this region: Indians and the Muslims.
Now What Do You Think Happend? Have you heard of the movie “The Clash of the Titans”?
Clash of the the Hindus and the Muslims! East Side vs West Side Pakistan! Both sides had feelings of nationalism, (what is nationlism?) and both wanted to claim both sides...however, this couldn't happend. In the end, Lord Lous Mountbatten decided to split or partitioned the two sides. Muslims would take Pakistan and the Hindus would take India. On Aug. 15, 1947, the British rule came to an end and countries of India East/West Pakistan were created.
Vietnam...the Right to Fight For your INDEPENDENCE! During 1900's French controlled this region. It was once known as French Indochina. Along came Ho Chi Minh,a YOUNG man who worked hard for this country's independence from the FRENCH! His solution: COMMUNISM!
He SPREAD communism... He created the Vietminh League (a group of Vietnamese that had independence as its goal.) For 9 years Ho Chi Minh and his group fought against the French forces...and they WON! FRENCH SURRENDER TO HO CHI
Now the BIG THREAT... SPREAD OF COMMUNISM!
GENEVA CONFERENCE 1954: U.S. became alarmed at the idea of Ho Chi spreading communism and this became the long drawn out campain of the prevention of containing communism using its influences to divide Vietnam into two parts, one part being communist and the other Republic of Vietnam (non-communist) This problem last from 1954-1975.
Attack on Pearl Harbor! Dec. 7th, 1941 Attack on our Navy base in Hawaii killing over 1100 sailors.
Our Reaction… Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki killing over 100, 000 people and causing lasting health conditions for years to come on the citizens of Japan. After this bombing, Japans economy and government were devasted!
Why did we rebuild Japan after WWII? In an effort to restore Japan to a thriving country, the U.S. occupied the territory from 1945-1952. General Douglas MacArthur was sent as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces to oversee the rebuilding of Japan. America’s effort had a lasting effect and Japan has one of the strongest economies in the world and a stable democratic government. Today they have a Mutual Security Pact that prohibits them from the use of nuclear weapons and military attacks against the Japanese without the knowledge of the Japanese government.
Gandhi vs Mao Zedong Now we will discuss Mao Zedong and Gandhi and how both historical figures were influential on society in positive ways.
Brief Biography: Zedong Born December 26, 1893 in Hunan, China Died September 9th, 1976, Beijing, China He was a Chinese statesman and young teacher He helped to reshape the social and political structures of his country Supported underprivileged people Leader of Chinese communists
His contributions The Great Leap Forward The Cultural Revolution Tiananmen Square Chinese Communist Party Red Army Red Guards Long March Collective
The Great Leap Forward 1950’s Was a radical policy change t hat turned out to be a giant step backward. The communist rushed to increase production on farms and factoriesbut they ignored the need for experience and planning as a result factory materials were built but none of them worked.
The Cultural Revolution 1966 The aim was to create a completely new society with no ties to the past. He urged students to protest or rebel against their teachers and families; the students formed bands of radicals called the Red Guard. The Red Guard beat up and imprisoned many Chinese artists and professionals. But when the Red Guard threatened Mao’s government, he called for an end to the Cultural Revolution.
Tiananmen Square Used as a massive gathering place since its inception. The Tiananmen Gate was first built in the 1420s in the Ming Dynasty. Tiananmen Square has been the site of a number of political events and student protests. These include the proclamation of the People's Republic of China by Mao Zedong on October 1, 1949; annual mass military displays on all subsequent National Days until October 1st 1959; the 1984 military parade for the 35th anniversary of the People's Republic of China and the 50th anniversary in 1999; and for mass rallies during the Cultural Revolution.
Chinese Communist Party • A group of young Chinese men, including Zedong, who met in Shanghai for the very first communist party meeting. Eventually the Chinese Communist Party became the National Republic of China.
Red Army • Mao’s communist army that swept the Nationalist government from power. Group originally formed at the end of the Long March.
Red Guards • Name of the new army of young people that Zedong used to enforce his policies.
Long March • 6000 mile journey that Zedong and his followers took to avoid capture of the Chinese governnment.
Collective • All ownership and decision making is in the hands of the government.
Yalta Agreement • Meeting at the Black Sea between U.S. , The Soviet Union, and Great Britain; agreement was how they would work together to rebuild countries that they had destroyed in WWII. Each country would temporarily occupy the country in order to rebuild.
Korean War • Began to stop the spread of communism. It was a cold war at first (a war of words). The war was between the U.S. and Soviet Union. USSR controlled N. Korea and U.S. controlled or had relationships with • S. Korea.
Brief Biography Born October 2nd 1869 Died January 30th,1948 He was from India He was an advocate of non-violence He went to jail He was a vegetarian He stayed out of politics He was assassinated while walking
His contributions He worked with Dr. King Was an advocate of the Civil Rights movement CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE He was known as Mahatam( “Great soul”) He fought hard for independence for India He was once a lawyer in Africa He was a writer and wrote many books He had many positive followers He encountered strict APARTHEID He believed in MORAL ADVANTAGE
