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Macromolecules

Macromolecules. Nucleic Acids . Structural components Nitrogenous bases Pentose Sugar Phosphate. Base. Nucleic Acids. Building Block = Nucleotides. Sugar-Phosphate backbone. Nucleic Acids. Carry genetic information responsible for all life functions. Nucleic Acids. Seeing DNA

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules

  2. Nucleic Acids Structural components • Nitrogenous bases • Pentose Sugar • Phosphate

  3. Base Nucleic Acids Building Block = Nucleotides Sugar-Phosphate backbone

  4. Nucleic Acids • Carry genetic information responsible for all life functions

  5. Nucleic Acids Seeing DNA • Burst cells to release DNA • Separate DNA from protein & debris • Isolate & concentrate DNA • Separate into pieces w/ enzymes • Send through Electrophoresis

  6. Nucleic Acids • Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Ribonucleic Acid • Memory • Transfer • Ribosomal

  7. Proteins Structural Components • Amino group • Carboxyl group • Alpha Carbon • R-group

  8. Proteins Building Block = amino acid (aa) • There are 20 varieties of aa found in our bodies • Linked by peptide bonds

  9. Proteins Shape is determined by: 1. The number and sequence of amino acids • Could be 50 – 34,350 aa long 2. Folding due to interactions of R-groups • Hydrogen bonds • Ionic bonds • Disulfide bonds • Hydrophobic (Polar) interactions

  10. Proteins • Provide structure in living things • Speed up chemical reactions in the body as enzymes

  11. Proteins Testing for the presence of protein -Biuret reagent Turns blue to violet in the presence of proteins, blue to pink when combined with short-chain polypeptides

  12. Proteins • Hair • Nails • Muscles • Bones • Skin • Enzymes

  13. Carbohydrates Structural components • 1 part Carbon • 2 parts Hydrogen • 1 part Oxygen

  14. Carbohydrates Building Block = monosaccharide (sugar)

  15. Carbohydrates • Energy source for living things • Referred to as “Fast Fuel” because we can access it immediately

  16. Carbohydrates Benedict’s Test – for simple sugars Lugol’s Test – for starch and other complex carbs

  17. Carbohydrates • Chemicals ending in –ose • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose • Lactose • Plant parts • Starch

  18. Lipids Structural components • Hydrocarbon chain w/ Carboxyl group • Glycerol molecule w/ hydroxyl group • 4-24 carbons in chain • Double C bonds form liquid lipids

  19. Lipids Building Blocks = fatty acids & glycerol

  20. Lipids • Store energy • Form membranes in cells • Form hormones (signaling molecules) • Vitamins • Cushioning • Warmth

  21. Lipids • Transparency Test • Sudan IV • Turns solution reddish-orange

  22. Lipids • Fats • Oils • Cholesterol • Wax • Vitamins A, D, E, & K • Monoglycerides • Phospholipids

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