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Statistics Graphs

Learn how to organize and graph your data in Excel to better understand and analyze it. From basic charts to more advanced types, this guide will help you create informative and visually appealing graphs.

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Statistics Graphs

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  1. Statistics Graphs https://www.123rf.com/photo_6622261_statistics-and-analysis-of-data-as-background.html

  2. Organizing Data The population is huge We can’t handle it So we take a sample We take counts or measurements on the sample These are messy and hard to understand NOW WHAT???

  3. Organizing Data Step 1: Put your data into Excel Step 2: Graph it! excel.gif

  4. Organizing Data Open Excel Enter the data: This is called a “Data Table”

  5. Organizing Data Once in Excel we have a variety of organizing tools we can use for our data

  6. Organizing Data Always do a quick graph of your data table to identify problems http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/eps-gif/OutlierScatterplot_1000.gif

  7. Graphs The best way to understand any data set is to GRAPH IT!

  8. Graphs If you don’t graph your data, the Stat Demons will get ya!

  9. Graphs Graphs are easier for most people to understand than a table of numbers or text

  10. Graphs Graphs are pictures of something mathematical - counts - measurements - a mathematical relationship

  11. Graphs Graphs=Charts=Plots=Diagrams

  12. Excel Graphs Graphs are easy-peasy in Excel!

  13. Excel Graphs Highlight the data in your data table Be sure to include your labels!

  14. Excel Graphs Click the “Insert” tab In the middle is “Charts” Pick the chart you want!

  15. Excel Graphs TAH-DAH! A (kinda ugly) graph!

  16. Excel Graphs But… you aren’t done yet! (You were hoping… right?)

  17. Excel Graphs Graphs need to be a complete story in themselves By looking at the graph, the viewer should understand the question and its answer

  18. Excel Graphs Graphs need: • Titles • Axis labels • Legends If you don’t have these… you get points taken off!

  19. Excel Graphs The perfect beautiful and informative graph!

  20. Questions?

  21. History of Graphs In the 14th century Nicole Oresme used a bar chart to plot the velocity of a constantly accelerating object vs time

  22. History of Graphs Each bar is of equal width, and this is one of the fundamental rules of bar graphs to this very day

  23. History of Graphs In the early 1600s René Descartes invented the x-y “scatter” plot

  24. History of Graphs In 1765 Joseph Priestley created a timeline which was a horizontal bar graph

  25. History of Graphs In 1780, William Playfair used bar charts to show Scottish imports/exports

  26. History of Graphs This is the first example of numerical data being split into categories and plotted as bars This is the reason Playfair is credited with the invention of the bar chart

  27. History of Graphs A fancy pie chart by William Playfair 1801

  28. History of Graphs A close-up of one of the pies:

  29. History of Graphs In the early 1800s, Adolphe Quetelet pioneered graphing things over time – the “time series graph”

  30. Influential Graphs John Snow’s dot plot map of the London cholera epidemic - 1854

  31. Influential Graphs Florence Nightingale’s “rose” - 1855

  32. Florence Nightingale and the ASA

  33. Influential Graphs Minard’s flow map - 1869

  34. Influential Graphs Mann, Bradley and Hughes Hockey Stick graph - 1994

  35. Questions?

  36. What About the Other Types of Graphs?

  37. Types of Graphs Bar and column charts should be used to highlight differences in the actual number Pie charts are super for highlighting percentages

  38. Types of Graphs Here’s some salary data for the Chicago Bulls in 1998: http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/CHI/1998.html

  39. TYPES OF GRAPHS IN-CLASS PROBLEM How can we show that Michael Jordan is paid a lot more than everyone else on the team?

  40. Types of Graphs Graphs!!!

  41. TYPES OF GRAPHS IN-CLASS PROBLEM What does the bar chart tell you?

  42. TYPES OF GRAPHS IN-CLASS PROBLEM What does the pie chart tell you?

  43. Types of Graphs Pareto plot An ordered bar chart

  44. Types of Graphs Bars that are not based on counts can be positive or negative

  45. Types of Graphs We used bar/column graphs to display measurement data (salaries, profit/loss, etc.) There are other ways to show measurement data also

  46. Types of Graphs Scatter plot aka: x-y plot requires paired data you don't split the data into classes or categories

  47. Types of Graphs Scatter plot

  48. Types of Graphs Time series plot the x-axis variable is "time"

  49. Types of Graphs More exotic types of graphs

  50. Types of Graphs Open/Hi/Low/Close plot

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