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Overview of Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis: Key Processes and Enzymes

This text discusses critical stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. During stage III of cell respiration, reduced coenzymes are produced in Kreb’s cycle within the mitochondrial matrix. Stage IV involves the establishment of a proton gradient via electron flow, culminating in ATP production through chemiosmosis. In chloroplasts, photosynthesis involves water as the initial electron source and produces NADP as the final oxidizing agent. Additionally, the Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma, adapting to various plant types, including C3, C4, and CAM plants, where RUBISCO plays a pivotal role in CO2 fixation.

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Overview of Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis: Key Processes and Enzymes

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  1. Section 17 fill-in-the-blank – 0.5 pts ea During stage III of cell respiration, reduced coenzymes are produced during the metabolic pathway known as Kreb’s cycle, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrion. During stage IV, a proton gradient is established across a membrane due to flow of electrons from 1 complex to next, with final oxidizing agent being O2. This gradient is dissipated during chemi-osmosis, which is the diffusion of protonsthroughATP synthase, making ATP.

  2. In chloroplasts, the process is similar, except that the original source of electrons is H2O, and the final oxidizing agent in non-cyclic photophos-phorylation is NADP. The light-independent reaction, or Calvincycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts. In C3 plants, such chloroplasts would be conducting this cycle in mesophyll cells; in C4 plants it would be done in bundle sheath cells. CAMplants, such as cactuses and bromeliads carry out the light and light-indepen-dent reaction at (during) daytime and fix CO2at night. In these plants, the 1st stable product of fixation is 4-C compounds. The enzyme which carboxylates RuBP in these plants is RUBISCO.

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