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Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks. II. Rocks. Solid forms of matter that are created in nature that are made of one or more minerals. The three major groups of rocks are: Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic. A. Sedimentary Rocks. Sediments. Fragments.

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Sedimentary Rocks

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  1. Sedimentary Rocks

  2. II. Rocks Solid forms of matter that are created in nature that are made of one or more minerals. • The three major groups of rocks are: • Sedimentary • Igneous • Metamorphic

  3. A. Sedimentary Rocks Sediments Fragments • Made from ________ or ________ which formed at the surface of the Earth from other rocks. • Rocks at the surface are broken down into sediments by __________ and _________. Weathering Erosion

  4. Water Squeezes • These rocks form in ______, where the weight ________ them down and the minerals dissolved in the water act as the _______ (glue). Cement

  5. Steps to form a Sedimentary Rock: • Weathering & Erosion • Deposition • Compaction • Cementation

  6. Sediments • Sedimentary Rock IDENTIFICATION: • They are made up of __________, which are small fragments of other rocks. • They often show ________ _______, as one layer of sediments is deposited on another in the water. Distinct Layers

  7. Fossils • Sedimentary rocks often contain _______ of once living organisms.

  8. Fossils • These are the only type of rocks that can contain these ______. There are THREE different types of Sedimentary rocks: • _______: Ones that form from rock and mineral fragments which have been __________ and __________ together. Clastic Compacted Cemented Sandstone

  9. Sandstone Siltstone Breccia Shale

  10. Crystalline • __________: ones that form from minerals that were once dissolved in water. The water then begins to evaporate causing the minerals to deposit/precipitate out. These are also called _________. • Can only be classified by ____________, Grain size does not work!! chemical composition Rock Salt Dolostone

  11. Bioclastic • _________: are ones that are made of the remains of organic (once living) things. Limestone Coal

  12. Questions • What is the difference between Conglomerate and Breccia? • Conglomerate contains mostly rounded fragments, while Breccia’s fragments will be more angular. • What is the difference between Sandstone and Siltstone? • Sandstone will have larger fragments than Siltstone. • What is the particle size of Sandstone? • 0.2 to 0.006 cm

  13. How does the composition of Conglomerate compare to the composition of Shale? • The composition of both will be close to the same, but they will have different size particles. • What is the composition of Limestone? • Limestone in made of the mineral Calcite. • What are the ways that Limestone can form? • Shell fragments are cemented together • Precipitates (falls out of) water • Biologic organisms

  14. How does the grain size of Rock Salt compare to the grain size of Rock Gypsum, Dolostone, Coal, and Limestone? • The grain size for each of these will vary or change. • How can you classify the Clastic sedimentary rocks? • Must use their GRAIN SIZE to classify! • How can you classify the Crystalline or Bioclastic Sedimentary rocks? • Must use their COMPOSITION to classify!

  15. ESRT p.6 – Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity

  16. less 0.0004cm • What are the grain sizes for the following: (use the chart on page 6 of the ESRT) • Clay: __________ than __________ • Silt: __________ to __________ • Sand: __________ to __________ • Pebbles: __________ to __________ • Cobbles: __________ to __________ • Boulders: __________ than __________ 0.0004cm 0.006cm 0.006cm 0.2cm 0.2cm 6.4cm 6.4cm 25.6cm more 25.6cm

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