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Petroleum

Petroleum . By: Jocelyn Sun, Angela Chung, Sharon Na, Sophie Schnee Period 6. What is Petroleum?. Petroleum is classified as a fossil fuel Formed when organisms die and are covered in sediment High pressures are applied to prevent the organisms from decaying, therefore creating a liquid oil

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Petroleum

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  1. Petroleum By: Jocelyn Sun, Angela Chung, Sharon Na, Sophie Schnee Period 6

  2. What is Petroleum? • Petroleum is classified as a fossil fuel • Formed when organisms die and are covered in sediment • High pressures are applied to prevent the organisms from decaying, therefore creating a liquid oil • When petroleum is in its most rudimentary form is called crude oil • It is extracted in various consistencies (thick or thin) and various colors (green or black). http://getting-in.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Petroleum-and-Alkanes.jpg

  3. History and Politics -1859: Colonel Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well -The oil industry lost its market after Edison created the light bulb -Came back after cars took over the market http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/drake_hi.html

  4. History and Politics part 2 --Surged after WWI b/c regarded as a strategic mineral that had to be used by supplies -Until the 1940’s, the US was the world’s leader in oil production (65% of the world’s oil) http://share.nanjing-school.com/soyoungyoon/2013/02/01/energy-consumption-oil-graphical-representation/

  5. Petroleum Geology -Petroleum geologists find oil and natural gas -They are in teams and analyze data to aid in locating and retrieving oil https://www.ou.edu/go2/academics/mcee/petrogeo.html

  6. Chemical Composition - Hydrocarbon orientation creates color and viscosity variety in crude oil - Composed of hydrocarbons - 4 common types of hydrocarbons: • Alkenes (paraffins)-- 30% • Naphthenes-- 49% • Aromatics-- 15% • Asphaltics-- 16% *Percentages indicate composition by weight http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/v181eh02.gif

  7. Petroleum Drawbacks - Non-renewable (finite resources) - Carbon emissions - Dependence on foreign nations - Strikes environmental controversies • global warming • oil spills http://www.c2es.org/docUploads/Trend%20in%20CO2%20Electricity%20Sector_0.png

  8. Electrical Production - 2011: 13,402 MWh produced from petroleum liquids - Decrease of petroleum use (16.7%) from 2011 to 2012 - 0.08 gal = 1 kwh - As of 2014: 12.7 kwh is generated per gallon of petroleum http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/damien_ma/Ma%20ANNUAL%20SHARE%20OF%20FOSSIL-FIRED.png

  9. Oil reserves http://topforeignstocks.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Worlds-Top-Oil-Reserves-by-Country-2011.png

  10. California Production & Use • California produces 37.2% of the petroleum it needs. • California: 3rd in crude oil production in America • California has 15/100 oil fields in reserves (EIA) • In 1985, the production of oil peaked, but since then, has decreased. http://oilindependents.org/the-story-of-california-crude/

  11. California Production & Use (cont…) • Californians consume nearly 44,000,000 gallons of gasoline and 10,000,000 gallons of diesel every day. • 2007: CA spent $50 billion (gasoline) and $9.7 billion (diesel) • Petroleum-based fuels: 96% of the state’s transportation needs. http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/crude_oil_receipts.html

  12. National Production & Use • US oil production exceeded an average 7 million barrels per day in late 2012 • The US consumed 6.87 billion barrels in 2011 and 7.0 billion barrels of refined petroleum products and biofuels in 2010 • The US uses approximately 22% of the world’s petroleum consumption http://www.teachengineering.org/view_activity.php?url=collection/cla_/activities/cla_activity1_renewable/cla_activity1_renewable.xml

  13. Global Production • According to IEA the top 10 oil producers produces over 64% of the world’s oil: Saudi Arabia, Russia, US, China, Iran, Canada, UAE, Venezuela, Kuwait, and Iraq • World petroleum production is increasing 2012 World Oil Production http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?view=production http://www.mindfully.org/Reform/2008/Political-Will-Chefurka3sep08.htm

  14. Global Consumption 2012 World Oil Consumption • The world’s consumption reached a peak of 88.9 billion barrels per day in 2012 • In 2009, Asia surpassed North America and became the largest petroleum-consuming region. (China and India) • US and Europe consumption has decreased http://www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?view=consumption

  15. Advantages/Effectiveness 1. Oil has a high energy density. (12.7 kwh= 1 gallon of petroleum) 2. Advanced oil extraction technology 3. Oil found in different geological conditions 4. Ordinary oil extraction is relatively low cost 5. Easy to transport and store http://www.thewayinc.com/productsandapplications/petroleum

  16. Advantages/Effectiveness (cont…) • Gasoline 47% • Heating Oil/Diesel Fuel 20% • Jet Fuel (Kerosene) 8% • Propane/Propylene 6% • NGL & LRG1 6% • Still Gas 4% • Petrochemical Feedstocks 2% • Petroleum Coke 2% • Residual/Heavy Fuel Oil 2% • Asphalt and Road Oil 2% • Lubricants 1% • Miscellaneous Products 0.4% • Other Liquids 0.4% • Aviation Gasoline 0.1% • Special Naphthas 0.04% • Waxes 0.04% • Kerosene 0.02% 2012 Petroleum Uses 6. Petroleum has many areas of application: chemicals, transportation, heating and electricity generation, etc. -75% of 6.79 billion barrels of petroleum in 2012 were gasoline, heating oil/diesel fuel, and jet fuel http://www.seeitmarket.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Crude_Oil.jpg

  17. Bibliography Online Resources: http://www.petroleum.co.uk/ http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/ http://oilindependents.org/the-story-of-california-crude/ http://www.energy.ca.gov/2006publications/CEC-600-2006-006/CEC-600-2006-006.PDF http://www.ogj.com/articles/2013/08/eia-world-petroleum-product-consumption-sets-record-high-in-2012.html http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1124.html http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&u=lchs&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCV2644151051 http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=667&t=6 Text: Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary Environments to Rock Physics by Knut Bjorlykke Magazine: Petroleum Review: (monthly journal)

  18. Question 1 1. What is petroleum called when it is in it’s rudimentary form? A. Crude Oil B. Petroleum C. Oleum D. Gasoline E. Fossil Fuel

  19. Question 2 Which of the following is not a characteristic of petroleum? A. liquid B. It can be thick or thin C. It can be a variety of colors D. It is made from high pressures E. It is odorless before it is refined

  20. Question 3 3. When did Petroleum demand first suddenly, significantly increase? A. After the discovery of the light bulb B. World War 2 C. Industrial Revolution D. Invention of the automobile E. none of the above

  21. Question 4 4. How much percent (approximately) does California’s production make up for its consumption? A. 15 B. 25 C. 35 D. 65 E. 75

  22. Question 5 5. What rank is the US in the world as a Petroleum producer? A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd D. 13th E. 23rd

  23. Answers 1. A 2. E 3. B 4. C 5. C

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