1. A Notes Petroleum

2. What is Petroleum?

4. Petroleum – to build or burn? • We use petroleum everyday for everything. Petroleum is non-renewable. If you had to choose would you rather use petroleum to build things or to run things? Talk with your partner and be ready to explain your answer.

5. Petroleum Use • The average American uses about 3 gallons of petroleum per day, most is burned as fuel or energy. It is also used to build plastics, fabrics, synthetics, as well as many other things. • It is expected that in roughly 70 years oil production will be as much as in 1910!!!! because of depleted reserves • Trade Agreements - agreements between countries to trade for oil • import - buying foreign oil and shipping it to the US • export - selling locally made goods and shipping it out of the US • Where does petroleum come from?

6. What is Petro? • Mixture containing hundreds of molecular compounds • can be chemically linked or modified to produce a variety of useful materials • rich in energy that is released when the molecules undergo combustion • Crude Oil - greenish brown to black liquid that can be thin like water or thick like syrup, found underground and pumped to the surface. It is transported by pipeline, tankers, and barges to refineries

7. What is Petroleum • Refinery - where crude oil is separated into simpler mixtures • Hydrocarbons - substances that remain in the crude oil after separation in the refinery, they are separated by distillation into groups that have similar boiling points

9. Distillation

10. Petroleum Refining • Fractions - mixtures of hydrocarbons that are separated together during the distillation process • Distillation - crude oil is heated to 750 degrees F, and then cooled in 100ft towers separating into different fractions • Distillates - the condensed liquids collected during distillation • Viscosity - the resistance to flow (high = honey, low = water)

12. Petroleum Molecules • Organic Chemistry - studies molecules with carbon in it • Carbon Chain - a molecular backbone of carbons bonded to other carbons • Ionic Bond - electrons are transferred, bond between a metal and non-metal • Covalent bond - electrons are shared, bond between two non-metals • ex. methane

13. Formulas • Electron Dot formula – dots • ex. CH4 • Structural formula – lines • ex. CH4 • Molecular formula • ex C3H8 • Condensed Formula • ex CH3CH2CH3

14. Alkanes • Alkanes - each carbon forms a covalent bond with four other atoms • classified as saturated alkanes because each available electron is bonded to another atom. • They have the basic formula (CnH2n+2)

15. Alkane Chart

16. Isomer • Isomer - Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of the atoms • ex C5H12