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Brainstorm a list of what you value .

Brainstorm a list of what you value .

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Brainstorm a list of what you value .

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  1. Brainstorm a list of what you value. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  2. Political Culture The widely-shared beliefs, values, and norms that citizens share about their government. Characteristics (Shared values) Individualism Liberty Equality Rule of law Democracy Consensual political culture

  3. Warm Up Equality Justice Tolerance Self Reliance Community Freedom Democracy Stability Security Cooperation

  4. Value Changes during 1930's Great Depression Role of govt changed Health Care 2nd BOR Employment Freedom from unfair competition Housing, Medical care, Education, Social security BillClinton FDR & New Deal

  5. Divided Government One party does not control executive and Legislative branches Effect Distrust in Gov. Why? Partisanship, Gridlock, Frustration

  6. Distrust of Government Has grown through time. Especially since early 1960's Why? Vietnam $745 million “I am not a crook” Cost of Elections Watergate Divided Gov. Clinton/Lewinsky

  7. Political Efficacy Internal Has stayed steady through time One’s own understanding and competence of government. External Has declined through time Belief one can have an impact on government

  8. What impact can a declining external political efficacy have on political behavior and why? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  9. Alexis De Tocqueville Democracy in America • Abundant and fertile land • Property Rights • Countless opportunities to acquire land/make living • Lack of feudal society • Independent spirit • To adapt Gov. to time and place

  10. Types of Public Opinions Fluid Latent Stable Dormant emerging Polarized Consensus Salient Emotion attached

  11. Measurement of Public Opinion By Elections By Polls • Uses: • Inform the public • Inform candidates • Inform office holders • Exit polls

  12. Construction of Scientific Polls Gallup Statistically Insignificant? • Representative Sample • Random Sampling • Respondent’s Knowledge • Objective Wording • Accuracy: Straw Poll Rasmussen Tracking9/25 - 9/27 Obama 47 Romney 46 McCain 48% Obama 50% + or - 5% margin of error

  13. Abuses of Polls "Horse Race Journalism" Early projections (Florida) Pandering

  14. Political Tolerance Free speech Allow others to govern Proclaim to be more tolerant than we really are Opposites will deny basic rights

  15. Political Socialization Process in which people acquire their political beliefs 1. Family (ideology: conservative/liberal) • Strongest • Fairly equal influence of mother and father • When differ, associate with closest parent • Impact of growing number of Independents • Higher income More conservative and supportive of Republicans • Lower incomes- More liberal and supportive of Democrats 2. Income

  16. Conflicting results • More education, more conservative • College students more liberal than general population • Most prestigious- most liberal 3. Schools 4. Race Whites: More conservative (more Republican) Blacks: More liberal (strongest support of Democratic Party) >90% Hispanics: Cubans v. Mexican Americans Asians:

  17. Protestant: More conservative generally • Evangelicals more on social issues and econ • Catholic: Traditionally more liberal (Economic) than on social issues (Abortion issue) • Jewish: Most liberal (Strong support for the Democratic Party) 5. Religion

  18. Gender • 1900’sconservative • 1992 Year of the Woman • Clinton and Soccer Moms • Gender Gap: Sex sensitive issues, compare to past • Security Moms • NASCAR Dads Geographic Region • Coastal Cities: environment • Urban areas: immigrants, minorities • Solid South • Rust Belt • Rural areas (religion?)

  19. Political Party affiliation Strongest predictor Increase in split-ticket voting Decrease in straight ticket voting

  20. Political Ideology Set of beliefs and values that shape a person’s view 1. Classic Liberalism • Limited role of govt. • Govt. seen as chief threat to liberty • Protect property rights 18th Century

  21. 2. Modern Liberalism New Deal Liberalism 20th Century • Expanded role of govt. (New Deal) • Corporations seen as chief threat to liberty • Need govt. to “smooth out the rough edges of capitalism” • Role: protect people’s well being

  22. Neo-Liberals Less likely to rely upon govt. to solve problems Not as involved as “New Deal” liberals Clinton Edwards

  23. Conservatism Essentially Classic Liberalism Resurgence since late 70's. • Reagan/Bush 41/ Bush 43 • 104-109th Republican Congress • Strength in formally “Solid South” • Reversal in 1930’s trend to automatically look to govt. to solve problems • Emphasis on private sector to solve problems • Strong support for tax cuts

  24. Neo-Conservatives (The New "Right") Social Policy Economic Policy • Prayer in school • Anti-Gay Marriage • Anti-Abortion • Emphasis on “free market” • Free enterprise

  25. Compassionate Conservatism More moderate brand of conservative President Bush Stance on abortion

  26. Socialism Divide Wealth Equally • Means of production are in Gov. Hands • Land • Labor • Capital

  27. Populist Libertarianism

  28. How ideological are Americans? American Voter Study 42% Group Benefit 12% Ideologues 22% No issue content 24% Nature of the times

  29. Political Participation and Voter Behavior Types of Participation Run for office Vote Work for a campaign Influence others Give money to campaign Stickers and buttons Attend Political meeting

  30. Voter Turnout 52% General election of all eligible voters 70% General election of Registered voters 30% in Midterm elections

  31. Comparison with other countries Europe U.S. Why?

  32. Suffrage Qualifications Religion & Property Race State Legislatures eliminated these 15th Amend Gender 19th Amend. Income 24th Amend. Literacy Voting Rights Act 1965 Age 21 26th Amend.

  33. Expanding Suffrage Jim Crow Laws • Property restrictions (Andrew Jackson) • Race: 15th Amendment • Women: 19th Amendment • Income: 24th Amendment • Literacy: Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Minimum age of 18: 26th Amendment Impact of expansion Less voting power per person States set current qualifications For voting requirements

  34. Reasons for low voter turnout Institutional barriers (Voting is a linkage institution, interest groups,political parties & media) • Registration (motor voter Bill) • Long Ballot: Excessive number of issues to vote on • Type of election: General, Primary, midterm, state, delegates • Difficulty in obtaining absentee ballots • Too many elections: Ballot fatigue • Weekday, non-holiday voting

  35. Political Barriers • Lack of political efficacy • Dissatisfaction with candidates, parties, etc. • Weakness of parties’ ability to mobilize voters Don’t like either, so why vote?

  36. Demographic Barriers • Level of Education: Level of edu. Highest predictor • Income: High vs. Low • Age: 18-24 lowest 45 and up highest • Race: White vs. minorities • Cross-cutting cleavages • Religious Involvement

  37. Characteristics Of those likely to Vote Education wealth Age Race

  38. In your opinion, what is the single most influential reason for not voting? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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